Indian Sand Fly vs Horse Fly

Side-by-side species comparison

Attribute Indian Sand Fly Horse Fly
Scientific Name Phlebotomus argentipes Tabanus bovinus
Order Diptera Diptera
Family Psychodidae Tabanidae
Size 2-3 mm 20-25 mm
Habitat Underground Wetlands
Diet Blood Feeders Blood Feeders
Regions South Asia (India, Bangladesh, Nepal, particularly the Gangetic Plain) Europe, Asia
Conservation Least Concern Least Concern

Indian Sand Fly

A tiny, hairy fly with a distinctive humpbacked appearance and large, upturned wings held erect at rest. It is the primary vector of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in the Indian subcontinent.

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Did You Know?

Indoor residual spraying with DDT once nearly eliminated kala-azar from India, but the disease resurged after spraying campaigns ended.

Horse Fly

A large, stout fly with huge iridescent compound eyes that display rainbow patterns. Only females bite, using scissor-like mouthparts to slash skin and lap up blood.

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Did You Know?

Horse fly eyes display stunning iridescent bands of color created by structural interference patterns, and scientists have used their anti-reflective eye structure to design better solar panels.