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Ants, Bees & Wasps

Order Hymenoptera

642 species

One of the most ecologically important orders, including key pollinators and social insects. Many species exhibit complex social behavior and colony organization.

Species in this Order

Encyrtidae Not Evaluated

Encyrtus Scale Parasite

Encyrtus infelix

A parasitoid wasp that attacks soft scale insects on citrus and ornamental trees. It was among the e...

1-2 mm
Evaniidae

Ensign Wasp

Evania appendigaster

A parasitoid wasp that targets cockroach egg cases and helps control pest populations....

5-7 mm
Formicidae

Erratic Ant

Tapinoma erraticum

A small dark ant common in southern Europe that runs in characteristic erratic zigzag patterns. It n...

2-4 mm
Formicidae Not Evaluated

European Amazon Ant

Polyergus rufescens

An obligate slave-making ant that raids colonies of Formica ants to steal pupae. The kidnapped worke...

6-7 mm
Ichneumonidae

European Banded Ichneumon

Amblyteles armatorius

A striking black and yellow ichneumon wasp that closely resembles a social wasp. It is a common para...

14-18 mm
Crabronidae

European Beewolf

Philanthus triangulum

A large, striking yellow-and-black solitary wasp that specialises in hunting honeybees. Females para...

12-18 mm
Braconidae

European Corn Borer Braconid

Macrocentrus cingulum

A slender parasitoid wasp introduced to North America to control the European corn borer moth. It la...

4-7 mm
Trichogrammatidae

European Corn Borer Egg Parasitoid

Trichogramma ostriniae

A tiny egg parasitoid wasp native to Asia and introduced to North America for corn borer control. It...

0.3-0.5 mm
Braconidae

European Corn Borer Parasite

Macrocentrus grandii

A slender braconid wasp introduced to North America to control the European corn borer. It lays poly...

5-8 mm
Formicidae

European Fire Ant

Myrmica rubra

A small reddish ant capable of delivering a noticeable sting, common across European meadows. It has...

4-5 mm
Vespidae

European Hornet

Vespa crabro

The largest European wasp, with a brown and yellow striped body and reddish-brown head and thorax. D...

25-35 mm
Melittidae

European Melittid

Melitta leporina

A medium-sized oligolectic bee that specializes on legume flowers, particularly alfalfa and clovers....

11-14 mm
Melittidae Near Threatened

European Oil Bee

Macropis europaea

One of only two Northern Hemisphere bees that collect floral oils instead of nectar as a food provis...

9-12 mm
Orussidae

European Orussid Wood Wasp

Orussus unicolor

A small, dark parasitoid wood wasp with a distinctly flattened head and stout build. It lays eggs in...

8-12 mm
Diprionidae Not Evaluated

European Pine Sawfly

Neodiprion sertifer

A common defoliator of pines in Europe and an invasive pest in North America. Larvae feed gregarious...

7-10 mm (adult)
Formicidae Near Threatened

European Red Wood Ant

Formica rufa

A large mound-building ant found across European forests. Workers are reddish-brown with a darker ab...

4-9 mm
Pompilidae

European Spider Wasp

Episyron albonotatum

A medium-sized black spider wasp with white markings that hunts orb-weaving spiders across Europe. I...

8-14 mm
Diprionidae

European Spruce Sawfly

Gilpinia hercyniae

A moderately sized sawfly with dark brown to black coloring and pectinate antennae in males. Larvae ...

7-10 mm
Mutillidae

European Velvet Ant

Mutilla europaea

A robust wingless wasp with black and orange-red banding and dense velvety hair. Females enter bumbl...

10-15 mm
Cephidae Not Evaluated

European Wheat Stem Sawfly

Cephus pygmeus

A stem-boring sawfly pest of wheat and other cereals throughout Europe and western Asia. It has also...

8-10 mm (adult)
Xiphydriidae

European Xiphydriid

Xiphydria longicollis

A slender wood wasp with a notably elongated pronotum giving it a long-necked appearance. The body i...

12-18 mm
Vespidae

Executioner Wasp

Polistes carnifex

The largest Neotropical paper wasp, with a sting that produces immediate searing pain and potentiall...

25-35 mm
Formicidae

Exploding Ant

Colobopsis explodens

Minor workers can deliberately rupture their own bodies in an act of self-sacrifice, releasing a tox...

4-6 mm
Mymaridae Data Deficient

Fairy Wasp

Kikiki huna

One of the smallest known insects in the world at just 0.15 millimeters long....

0.13-0.18 mm
Mymaridae

Fairyfly Wasp

Dicopomorpha echmepterygis

The smallest known insect in the world at just 0.139 mm in length. Males are blind, wingless, and sm...

0.139-0.240 mm
Crabronidae

Field Digger Wasp

Mellinus arvensis

A yellow and black wasp that nests in sandy soil and provisions each cell with paralyzed hoverflies....

10-14mm
Formicidae

Fierce Big-Headed Ant

Pheidole fervens

A widespread tropical ant and minor invasive species with clearly dimorphic workers. Majors have dis...

1.5-4 mm
Agaonidae

Fig Wasp

Ceratosolen fusciceps

A tiny wasp that pollinates a single species of fig in an obligate mutualism....

1.5-2 mm
Formicidae

Fiji Tree Ant

Paraparatrechina oceanica

A native ant species found in tropical forests of Fiji, where it nests in tree cavities and under ba...

2-4 mm
Chrysididae

Fire-tailed Cuckoo Wasp

Chrysis viridula

A metallic green cuckoo wasp with a distinctive red-gold abdomen tipped with four small teeth. It pa...

6-10 mm
Megachilidae

Flat-tailed Leaf-cutter Bee

Megachile mendica

A medium-sized leaf-cutter bee with pale abdominal hair bands. It provisions its nest cells with car...

10-13 mm
Formicidae

Florida Carpenter Ant

Camponotus floridanus

A bicolored carpenter ant with a reddish-orange head and thorax and black abdomen. It is the most co...

5-11 mm
Formicidae

Florida Twig Ant

Pseudomyrmex ejectus

A small yellowish ant that nests in dead twigs in the canopy of southeastern US forests. It is arbor...

3-5 mm
Crabronidae

Flower Wasp

Cerceris rybyensis

A solitary wasp that hunts small mining bees to provision its nest. Nests in sandy soil, often in de...

8-14 mm
Formicidae

Forelius Ant

Forelius pruinosus

A tiny fast-running ant found across the Americas that is often the first to discover food sources. ...

2-2.5 mm
Halictidae Near Threatened

Four-banded Furrow Bee

Halictus quadricinctus

A large, robust halictid bee with four prominent white hair bands across its dark abdomen. It is one...

14-16 mm
Apidae

Four-spotted Cuckoo Bee

Nomada leucophthalma

A wasp-like cuckoo bee with reddish-brown and yellow markings that parasitizes Andrena mining bees. ...

9-12 mm
Vespidae

Four-toothed Mason Wasp

Monobia quadridens

A solitary black and white mason wasp that nests in hollow stems and old carpenter bee tunnels. It p...

16-19 mm
Apidae Critically Endangered

Franklin's Bumble Bee

Bombus franklini

The world's most range-restricted bumble bee, found only in a small area between southern Oregon and...

14-18 mm
Megachilidae

Fringed Leafcutter Bee

Megachile fidelis

A western North American leafcutter bee recognized by the dense fringe of golden hairs on its hind l...

11-14 mm
Dorylidae

Fulvus Driver Ant

Dorylus fulvus

A predominantly subterranean driver ant species with yellowish-brown coloration. Unlike some congene...

3-12 mm
Cynipidae

Gall Wasp

Andricus quercuscalicis

A tiny wasp that induces knopper galls on oak acorns, deforming them completely....

3-4 mm
Apidae

Garden Bumblebee

Bombus hortorum

A long-tongued bumblebee with three yellow bands and a white tail. Specializes in deep tubular flowe...

12-22mm
Vespidae

German Yellowjacket

Vespula germanica

A highly adaptable social wasp that has become one of the most widespread invasive insects globally....

12-16 mm
Formicidae

Giant Brazilian Ant

Dinoponera australis

A large ponerine ant found in the cerrado and Atlantic Forest regions of southern Brazil, Argentina,...

20-28 mm
Formicidae

Giant Bull Ant

Myrmecia brevinoda

Among the largest bull ants in Australia, workers can exceed 30 mm in length. They are solitary fora...

25-35 mm
Formicidae

Giant Forest Ant

Dinomyrmex gigas

One of the largest ant species in the world, with workers reaching 20 mm and queens exceeding 30 mm....

8-30 mm
Apidae

Giant Honey Bee

Apis dorsata

The largest honey bee species, building huge exposed single-comb nests on cliff faces and tall build...

17-20 mm
Ichneumonidae

Giant Ichneumon Wasp

Dolichomitus imperator

A parasitoid wasp with an ovipositor longer than its body used to drill into wood....

20-40 mm body, 70 mm ovipositor
Apidae Not Evaluated

Giant Neotropical Carpenter Bee

Xylocopa frontalis

One of the largest bees in the Americas with a robust black body and yellowish thoracic hair. Female...

25-35 mm
Ichneumonidae

Giant Orange Ichneumon

Netelia producta

A large, uniformly orange ichneumon wasp commonly attracted to lights. It parasitizes caterpillars o...

15-22 mm
Formicidae

Giant Ponerine Ant

Pachycondyla crassinoda

A very large black predatory ant of African tropical forests with powerful mandibles and a painful s...

14-20 mm
Megachilidae

Giant Resin Bee

Megachile sculpturalis

A large solitary bee originally from East Asia now invasive in North America and Europe. It uses tre...

14-24 mm
Scoliidae

Giant Scoliid Wasp

Megascolia procer

One of the largest wasps in the world, reaching over 5 cm in length, found in Southeast Asian forest...

40-55 mm
Formicidae

Giant Trap-jaw Ant

Odontomachus hastatus

One of the largest trap-jaw ant species, building arboreal carton nests in tropical forests. Its elo...

12-16 mm
Formicidae

Giant Twig Ant

Pseudomyrmex spinicola

One of the largest acacia-ant species, nesting in the massive swollen thorns of Central American bul...

5-10 mm
Braconidae Not Evaluated

Glyptomorpha Braconid

Glyptomorpha deesae

A small parasitoid wasp that attacks bruchid beetle larvae inside stored legume seeds. It has been s...

2-3 mm
Formicidae

Gnamptogenys Ant

Gnamptogenys striatula

A small predatory ectatomminine ant with strongly striate sculpturing covering its body. It hunts in...

4-5 mm
Chrysididae

Gold Cuckoo Wasp

Chrysis fasciata

A brilliant green and gold metallic cuckoo wasp found across southern Europe. It parasitizes the nes...

7-11 mm
Megachilidae

Gold-fringed Mason Bee

Osmia aurulenta

A distinctive solitary bee that nests inside empty snail shells on warm hillsides. Females cover the...

9-12 mm
Chrysididae

Gold-tailed Ruby Wasp

Chrysis fulgida

A dazzling metallic wasp with a bright green head and thorax and a golden-red abdomen. It is a brood...

7-12 mm
Formicidae

Golden Carpenter Ant

Camponotus sericeiventris

A striking large ant with dense golden or silvery pubescence covering its gaster, giving it a metall...

8-18 mm
Apidae Vulnerable

Golden Northern Bumble Bee

Bombus fervidus

A large bumble bee with an almost entirely yellow-furred thorax and anterior abdomen. It is a genera...

14-20 mm
Apidae Not Evaluated

Golden Orchid Bee

Eufriesea surinamensis

A stunningly beautiful orchid bee with a metallic golden-green body and reddish legs. It is a solita...

18-24 mm
Vespidae

Golden Paper Wasp

Polistes fuscatus

A social wasp with highly variable facial markings used for individual recognition. It builds open p...

15-21 mm
Pergidae

Golden Pergid Sawfly

Perga gravenhorstii

A large Australian sawfly with distinctive golden-orange coloring and dark wing venation. Larvae are...

14-22 mm
Formicidae

Golden Spiny Ant

Polyrhachis ammon

A striking Australian spiny ant with golden pubescence covering a black body. Workers have prominent...

5-7 mm
Formicidae

Golden-tailed Bull Ant

Myrmecia chrysogaster

A strikingly coloured bull ant with a distinctive golden-yellow gaster and reddish-brown head and th...

15-22 mm
Tenthredinidae Not Evaluated

Gooseberry Sawfly

Nematus ribesii

The most destructive insect pest of gooseberry and red currant bushes in Europe. Larvae can strip bu...

6-8 mm (adult)
Formicidae

Graceful Twig Ant

Tetraponera aethiops

A slender black African twig ant that nests in hollow stems and branches. Workers are elongate with ...

5-8 mm
Pteromalidae

Grain Moth Parasitoid

Pteromalus cerealellae

A small metallic parasitoid wasp that attacks stored-product moth larvae and pupae. It is found in g...

1.5-3 mm
Pteromalidae Not Evaluated

Grain Pteromalid

Anisopteromalus calandrae

A tiny parasitoid of grain weevil and bruchid beetle larvae concealed inside stored cereal grains. I...

1.5-2.5 mm
Tenthredinidae

Grass Sawfly

Pachynematus clitellatus

A small, inconspicuous greenish sawfly associated with grasses. Larvae are smooth, pale green and fe...

5-7 mm
Halictidae

Great Banded Furrow Bee

Halictus scabiosae

One of Europe's largest halictid bees, with prominent white abdominal hair bands. It is a eusocial s...

13-16 mm
Sphecidae

Great Golden Digger Wasp

Sphex ichneumoneus

A large solitary wasp with a golden-furred thorax and orange-red legs that digs burrows in sandy soi...

18-28 mm
Apidae Near Threatened

Great Yellow Bumblebee

Bombus distinguendus

A large strikingly yellow bumblebee with a band of darker hair. One of the rarest bumblebees in Brit...

15-22mm
Tenthredinidae

Green Alder Sawfly

Monsoma pulveratum

A pale green sawfly that blends well with alder foliage. Larvae are translucent green and feed on th...

6-8 mm
Apidae

Green Carpenter Bee

Xylocopa aerata

A striking carpenter bee with a metallic green or golden-green thorax found only in Australia. It ne...

15-20 mm
Halictidae

Green Metallic Bee

Augochloropsis metallica

A large, robustly built metallic green sweat bee common throughout eastern North America. It is a gr...

9-12 mm
Formicidae

Green Tree Ant

Oecophylla smaragdina subnitida

An Australian subspecies of the Asian weaver ant with distinctive bright green coloring. Indigenous ...

5-10 mm
Formicidae

Green-head Ant

Rhytidoponera metallica

A common Australian ant with an iridescent metallic green or purple sheen on its head and body. It i...

5-7 mm
Pergidae Not Evaluated

Green-legged Sawfly

Perga dorsalis

An Australian pergid whose larvae feed gregariously on eucalyptus foliage. Heavy defoliation can str...

12-18 mm (adult)
Eulophidae

Greenhouse Whitefly Parasitoid

Encarsia formosa

The most widely used parasitoid wasp in greenhouse biological control worldwide. Parasitized whitefl...

0.5-0.8 mm
Andrenidae

Grey-patched Mining Bee

Andrena nitida

A glossy black bee with patches of grey hair on the thorax. It is one of the earliest spring-flying ...

10-13 mm
Pergidae

Gum-Tree Pergid Sawfly

Perga polita

A robust Australian sawfly with a dark, polished body. Its gregarious larvae cluster on eucalyptus b...

14-20 mm
Andrenidae

Gwynne's Mining Bee

Andrena bicolor

A small, common mining bee with a two-toned appearance: dark brown thorax and orange-brown abdominal...

8-10 mm
Apidae

Gypsy Cuckoo Bumble Bee

Bombus bohemicus

A social parasite that invades colonies of other bumble bees, killing the queen and enslaving the wo...

15-22 mm
Braconidae

Gypsy Moth Parasite

Cotesia melanoscela

A small braconid introduced to North America to control the invasive gypsy moth. It attacks early-in...

2-4 mm
Formicidae

Hairy Panther Ant

Neoponera obscuricornis

A medium-sized ponerine ant with dense body pubescence and a powerful sting. Workers are solitary pr...

7-10 mm
Formicidae

Hairy Wood Ant

Formica lugubris

A large mound-building ant of upland coniferous forests with noticeably hairy body surfaces. It form...

4-8 mm
Apidae

Hairy-footed Flower Bee

Anthophora plumipes

A fast-flying, plump solitary bee with males covered in tawny hair and females jet black. It is one ...

14-16 mm
Melittidae Near Threatened

Hairy-legged Mining Bee

Melitta tricincta

A rare and declining bee that is a strict specialist on red bartsia flowers. It has distinctive hair...

9-11 mm
Colletidae Near Threatened

Hairy-saddled Colletes

Colletes succinctus

A late-summer plasterer bee that is a specialist on heather, secreting a cellophane-like lining in i...

10-13 mm
Formicidae

Harvester Ant

Messor barbarus

A large, polymorphic harvester ant with impressive major workers that have broad heads for seed crus...

3-14 mm
Colletidae Endangered

Hawaiian Assimulans Yellow-faced Bee

Hylaeus assimulans

A rare endemic bee from the Hawaiian Islands, once found on several islands but now severely reduced...

6-8 mm
Formicidae Not Evaluated

Hawaiian Big-headed Ant

Pheidole megacephala

An invasive ant now widespread in Hawaii with a disproportionately large head in the soldier caste. ...

2-4 mm
Colletidae Endangered

Hawaiian Easy Yellow-faced Bee

Hylaeus facilis

An endemic Hawaiian bee found across several of the main Hawaiian islands. It is a generalist pollin...

6-9 mm
Colletidae Endangered

Hawaiian Yellow-faced Bee

Hylaeus longiceps

An endemic Hawaiian bee with distinctive yellow facial markings, found in dry coastal and lowland ha...

7-10 mm
Tenthredinidae

Hazel Sawfly

Croesus septentrionalis

A medium-sized sawfly with an orange abdomen and dark thorax. The bluish-green larvae with black hea...

8-10 mm
Andrenidae Near Threatened

Heather Mining Bee

Andrena fuscipes

A late-summer specialist bee that collects pollen almost exclusively from heather and bell heather. ...

10-12 mm