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Ants, Bees & Wasps

Order Hymenoptera

642 species

One of the most ecologically important orders, including key pollinators and social insects. Many species exhibit complex social behavior and colony organization.

Species in this Order

Formicidae

Hercules Ant

Camponotus herculeanus

A large black carpenter ant of boreal and montane forests across the Northern Hemisphere. Major work...

6-14 mm
Chalcididae Not Evaluated

Hockeria Chalcid

Hockeria unicolor

A metallic dark parasitoid wasp that attacks the pupae of noctuid moths in the soil. It is found acr...

4-6 mm
Apidae

Honey Bee

Apis mellifera

The worlds most important pollinator. Lives in complex colonies of up to 80,000 individuals with a s...

12-15 mm
Formicidae

Honey Pot Ant

Myrmecocystus mexicanus

Certain workers called repletes serve as living food storage vessels. They hang from the ceiling, go...

5-15 mm (repletes up to 25 mm swollen)
Formicidae

Honeypot Ant

Myrmecocystus mimicus

A honey ant species that engages in ritualized territorial tournaments between neighboring colonies....

4-10 mm
Cimbicidae

Honeysuckle Sawfly

Zaraea fasciata

A moderately large sawfly with clubbed antennae and a dark body with pale markings. It is closely as...

12-16 mm
Formicidae

Hooked Army Ant

Eciton hamatum

A column-raiding army ant that forms narrow trails rather than broad swarm fronts. It specializes in...

3-11 mm
Sphecidae

Horned Baboon Spider-hunting Wasp

Sphex tomentosus

A large, solitary wasp with a black body and metallic blue-green sheen. It hunts grasshoppers and ka...

25-35 mm
Megachilidae

Horned Mason Bee

Osmia cornuta

A robust spring-flying bee with distinctive horn-like projections on the female's face. It is widely...

12-15 mm
Megachilidae

Hornfaced Bee

Osmia cornifrons

A robust reddish-brown solitary bee native to Japan, widely used for fruit tree pollination. Females...

10-14 mm
Siricidae

Horntail Wasp

Urocerus gigas

A large wood wasp that injects symbiotic fungus into trees along with its eggs....

25-40 mm
Eulophidae

Horse Chestnut Leafminer Parasitoid

Pnigalio agraules

A small metallic-green ectoparasitoid wasp that attacks leafminer larvae inside leaf mines. It has a...

1-2 mm
Pteromalidae

House Fly Pupal Parasitoid

Muscidifurax raptor

A minute parasitoid wasp that develops inside house fly and stable fly pupae. It is sold commerciall...

1-2 mm
Apidae

Hunt's Bumble Bee

Bombus huntii

A medium-sized bumble bee with orange, black, and yellow banding commonly found in the western Unite...

12-18 mm
Ichneumonidae

Ichneumon Wasp

Megarhyssa macrurus

A large parasitoid wasp with an extremely long, thread-like ovipositor that can exceed the length of...

25-50 mm body plus 100+ mm ovipositor
Scoliidae

Indian Flower Wasp

Scolia quadripustulata

A robust black scoliid wasp with four yellowish spots on its abdomen found across South Asia. It tar...

18-28 mm
Formicidae

Indian Giant Ant

Camponotus compressus

One of the largest and most common carpenter ants in India, with shiny black coloration and a robust...

6-14 mm
Apidae

Indian Honey Bee

Apis cerana indica

A small, dark-banded honey bee native to the Indian subcontinent and the primary managed bee species...

10-13 mm
Formicidae

Indian Jumping Ant

Harpegnathos saltator

A slender predatory ant with large eyes and powerful jumping ability native to India. Workers can le...

12-18 mm
Vespidae

Indian Paper Wasp

Ropalidia marginata

A slender social wasp with a brown and yellow body that constructs small, open-comb nests under eave...

15-20 mm
Pompilidae

Indian Spider Wasp

Hemipepsis tamisieri

A large dark-winged spider wasp from Africa and the Middle East that hunts large burrowing spiders. ...

25-45 mm
Diprionidae Not Evaluated

Introduced Pine Sawfly

Diprion similis

A European sawfly introduced to North America that feeds on white pine and other five-needled pines....

7-10 mm (adult)
Tenthredinidae

Iris Sawfly

Rhadinoceraea micans

A small, metallic blue-black sawfly whose grayish larvae with dark heads feed along the edges of iri...

6-8 mm
Formicidae

Jack Jumper Ant

Myrmecia pilosula

A medium-sized black ant with powerful mandibles and an extremely potent sting. It is one of the mos...

12-14 mm
Diprionidae Not Evaluated

Jack Pine Sawfly

Neodiprion pratti banksianae

A serious defoliator of jack pine in the Great Lakes region. Periodic outbreaks can strip thousands ...

6-8 mm (adult)
Formicidae

Japanese Carpenter Ant

Camponotus japonicus

A large black carpenter ant common throughout East Asia and a popular species in ant keeping. Coloni...

7-13 mm
Apidae

Japanese Carpenter Bee

Xylocopa appendiculata

A large, robust carpenter bee known as 'kumabachi' (bear bee) in Japanese due to its fuzzy appearanc...

20-25 mm
Vespidae

Japanese Giant Hornet

Vespa mandarinia japonica

The largest hornet in the world, capable of destroying an entire honey bee colony in hours. A small ...

35-55 mm
Ichneumonidae

Japanese Giant Ichneumon

Megarhyssa praecellens

One of the largest ichneumon wasps in Asia with a remarkably long ovipositor. It parasitizes wood-bo...

30-45 mm body, ovipositor up to 80 mm
Apidae

Japanese Honeybee

Apis cerana japonica

The Japanese subspecies of the Eastern honeybee, known as 'nihon-mitsubachi.' Smaller and darker tha...

10-13 mm
Siricidae

Japanese Horntail

Eriotremex formosanus

A large wood wasp with a robust reddish-brown body and dark wings. Native to East Asia, it attacks s...

20-35 mm
Pamphiliidae

Japanese Maple Sawfly

Megalodontes cephalotes

A colorful web-spinning sawfly with a large head, bright orange body, and distinctive long antennae....

12-18 mm
Vespidae

Japanese Paper Wasp

Polistes japonicus

A small dark paper wasp endemic to Japan that builds delicate open-comb nests under eaves and tree b...

11-15 mm
Scoliidae

Japanese Scoliid Wasp

Scolia oculata

A large black wasp with distinctive eye-like yellow spots on the abdomen found in East Asia. It para...

20-30 mm
Pompilidae

Japanese Spider Wasp

Batozonellus lacerticida

A large black spider wasp with yellow-banded legs found across Eurasia. It hunts large orb-weaver sp...

15-25 mm
Formicidae

Jet Black Ant

Lasius fuliginosus

A shiny jet-black ant that builds carton nests inside hollow trees using chewed wood mixed with hone...

4-6 mm
Pteromalidae Not Evaluated

Jewel Wasp Pteromalid

Nasonia vitripennis

A tiny jewel wasp that parasitizes the pupae of blowflies, flesh flies, and house flies. It is one o...

1-2.5 mm
Vespidae

Keyhole Wasp

Pachodynerus nasidens

A mud-nesting wasp notorious for building nests inside aircraft pitot tubes. It has caused aviation ...

10-15 mm
Apidae Data Deficient

Koschevnikov's Honey Bee

Apis koschevnikovi

A reddish-orange cavity-nesting honey bee found in Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. It prefers lowlan...

10-12 mm
Apidae

Lapland Bumblebee

Bombus lapponicus

A medium-sized bumblebee with a distinctive orange tail and yellow collar band. It is well adapted t...

12-18 mm
Tenthredinidae Not Evaluated

Larch Sawfly

Pristiphora erichsonii

The most important defoliator of larch in North America. Periodic outbreaks can last for years and c...

8-12 mm (adult)
Cimbicidae

Large Birch Cimbicid

Cimbex connatus

A very large sawfly, closely related to C. femoratus, with a massive body and distinctly clubbed ant...

18-28 mm
Apidae

Large Garden Bumble Bee

Bombus ruderatus

A long-tongued bumble bee introduced to New Zealand in the early 1900s to pollinate red clover. They...

14-24 mm
Tenthredinidae Not Evaluated

Large Larch Sawfly

Nematus erichsonii

A gregarious defoliator of larch in European forests. Larvae feed in groups and can rapidly strip br...

8-10 mm (adult)
Cynipidae Not Evaluated

Large Oak Cynipid

Cynips quercusfolii

A gall wasp that induces cherry-sized galls on the undersides of oak leaves. The galls turn from gre...

2.5–4 mm
Argidae Not Evaluated

Large Rose Sawfly

Arge pagana

A conspicuous sawfly whose larvae skeletonize rose leaves in gardens and parks. Adults are stout and...

7-10 mm (adult)
Andrenidae Near Threatened

Large Sallow Mining Bee

Andrena apicata

A rare, early-spring mining bee that specializes on sallow and willow catkins. It has declined signi...

11-14 mm
Andrenidae Vulnerable

Large Scabious Mining Bee

Andrena hattorfiana

One of the largest European mining bees with a striking red abdomen loaded with pink pollen. It is a...

14-17 mm
Scoliidae

Large Scoliid Wasp

Megascolia maculata

Europe's largest wasp, with a massive black body marked with bold yellow spots. Females burrow under...

25-45 mm
Melittidae

Large Shaggy Bee

Panurgus banksianus

A densely hairy black bee that specializes on composite flowers, particularly hawkbits and dandelion...

10-13 mm
Crabronidae

Large Square-headed Wasp

Ectemnius cephalotes

A large solitary wasp that nests in dead wood and provisions its nest with captured flies. Has a dis...

12-18 mm
Colletidae

Large Yellow-faced Bee

Hylaeus signatus

One of the larger masked bees in Europe with prominent yellow face patches. It is a specialist on wi...

7-9 mm
Megachilidae

Large-headed Resin Bee

Heriades truncorum

A tiny black resin bee with a disproportionately large head that nests in beetle holes and hollow st...

6-8 mm
Chalcididae Not Evaluated

Large-legged Chalcid

Chalcis myrifex

A parasitoid wasp with conspicuously thickened hind femora used to brace itself while ovipositing. I...

4-7 mm
Formicidae

Larger Citronella Ant

Lasius interjectus

A subterranean yellow ant that emits a strong lemon-like odor when crushed. It lives entirely underg...

4-4.5 mm
Tenthredinidae

Leaf-Rolling Rose Sawfly

Blennocampa phyllocolpa

A tiny black sawfly that causes rose leaflets to roll downward into tight cylinders. The larva feeds...

3-5 mm
Formicidae

Leafcutter Ant

Atta cephalotes

Fungus farmers that cut and carry leaf fragments to underground gardens where they cultivate a speci...

2-14 mm (varies by caste)
Formicidae

Legionary Ant

Neivamyrmex nigrescens

The most common army ant species in the United States, conducting nocturnal column raids on other an...

2-5 mm
Braconidae Not Evaluated

Lemon-tree Borer Parasite

Diachasmimorpha longicaudata

A parasitoid of fruit fly larvae that has been released worldwide for biological control of tephriti...

4-7 mm
Vespidae

Lesser Banded Hornet

Vespa affinis

A medium-sized hornet with a dark body and bright orange-yellow abdominal bands. It builds large aer...

22-30 mm
Formicidae

Lesser Bullet Ant

Neoponera villosa

A large black ponerine ant found from Texas through South America with a powerful sting. It nests in...

10-14 mm
Formicidae

Lesser Citronella Ant

Lasius claviger

A small yellow subterranean ant closely related to the larger citronella ant. It produces a citrus s...

3-4 mm
Formicidae

Lesser Leaf-Cutter Ant

Acromyrmex octospinosus

A smaller leaf-cutter ant species covered in spiny tubercles on its body. It forms more modest colon...

2-10 mm
Ichneumonidae

Lissonota Ichneumon

Lissonota setosa

A slender, reddish-brown ichneumon wasp that parasitizes moth larvae inside their shelters. Females ...

8-14 mm
Formicidae

Little Fire Ant

Wasmannia auropunctata

A tiny golden-brown ant with a painful sting far out of proportion to its size. It is one of the mos...

1-1.5 mm
Diprionidae

Loblolly Pine Sawfly

Neodiprion taedae linearis

A pine sawfly from the southeastern United States whose yellowish-green larvae feed on the needles o...

6-9 mm
Apidae Near Threatened

Long-horned Bee

Eucera longicornis

Males are unmistakable with their extraordinarily long antennae, nearly as long as the body. It nest...

13-16 mm
Xiphydriidae

Long-Horned Xiphydriid

Xiphydria prolongata

A slender wood wasp with an exceptionally long neck region and thread-like antennae. The body is dar...

14-20 mm
Formicidae

Long-Legged Desert Ant

Cataglyphis bicolor

A large, bicolored desert ant with a distinctive red thorax and black head and gaster. Workers are s...

6-12 mm
Melittidae Data Deficient

Long-legged Oil Bee

Rediviva longimanus

An extraordinary South African bee whose front legs are nearly twice its body length, the longest of...

12-15 mm
Ichneumonidae

Long-tailed Giant Ichneumon

Megarhyssa atrata

A large dark-bodied ichneumonid wasp found in eastern North America. Females bore through bark to pa...

30-50 mm body, ovipositor up to 130 mm
Formicidae

Longhorn Crazy Ant

Paratrechina longicornis

A small dark brown ant with extremely long antennae and legs that moves in rapid, jerky patterns. It...

2.5-3 mm
Formicidae

Lower Attine Ant

Cyphomyrmex rimosus

A tiny, cryptic fungus-growing ant with a rugose and heavily sculptured dark brown body. Workers cul...

2-3 mm
Ichneumonidae

Lunar Ichneumon Wasp

Megarhyssa lunator

A striking ichneumon with a yellow and brown banded body. It parasitizes pigeon tremex horntail larv...

30-50 mm body, ovipositor up to 130 mm
Ichneumonidae

Lunate Ichneumon

Megarhyssa greenei

A reddish-brown parasitoid wasp native to North America. It targets horntail larvae in hardwood tree...

25-40 mm body, ovipositor up to 80 mm
Melittidae Near Threatened

Lythrum Bee

Melitta nigricans

A specialist bee that collects pollen from purple loosestrife along rivers and wetland margins. It i...

10-12 mm
Pompilidae

Macromeris Spider Wasp

Entypus unifasciatus

A large dark spider wasp with a single white or yellow band on the abdomen. It hunts large wolf spid...

15-30 mm
Melittidae Endangered

Macropis Cuckoo Bee

Epeoloides coecutiens

A rare cleptoparasitic bee that targets nests of Macropis oil-collecting bees. It was once thought e...

7-10 mm
Apidae

Malagasy Carpenter Bee

Xylocopa madecassa

A large, robust black bee with a metallic blue-violet sheen on its wings. It bores nest tunnels into...

20-30 mm
Formicidae Data Deficient

Malagasy Dracula Ant

Mystrium voeltzkowi

An enigmatic Dracula ant endemic to Madagascar with pale yellow coloring and reduced eyes. Workers l...

4-6 mm
Formicidae

Malagasy Edmond's Carpenter Ant

Camponotus edmondi

A medium-large carpenter ant with a bicolored body, typically dark head and gaster with a reddish-br...

6-14 mm
Sphecidae

Malagasy Mud Dauber Wasp

Sceliphron madecassum

A striking black and yellow wasp with a dramatically elongated, thread-like petiole connecting the t...

20-28 mm
Apidae

Malagasy Orchid Bee

Liotrigona madecassa

A tiny stingless bee that is one of Madagascar's most important pollinators. It has a black body wit...

3-5 mm
Vespidae

Malagasy Paper Wasp

Polistes olivaceus

A slender wasp with an olive-brown body, long dangling legs, and narrow waist. It builds small, expo...

15-20 mm
Formicidae

Malagasy Rover Ant

Tetramorium kelleri

A small, dark brown ant with rugose sculpture on the head and thorax. It is part of a massive endemi...

2-4 mm
Amblyoponidae Data Deficient

Malagasy Trap-jaw Ant

Mystrium oberthueri

A pale yellow to amber ant with elongated mandibles that can snap shut at extreme speeds. It is clos...

4-7 mm
Mutillidae

Malagasy Velvet Ant

Dasymutilla madagascariensis

Despite its name, this is actually a wingless female wasp covered in dense, velvety orange and black...

10-18 mm
Formicidae

Marauder Ant

Carebara diversa

An Asian ant with the greatest size variation of any ant species, with major workers 500 times heavi...

1-15 mm
Colletidae Near Threatened

Margined Colletes

Colletes marginatus

A small, pale plasterer bee found in sandy coastal habitats across Europe. It nests in loose sand an...

8-10 mm
Formicidae

Maricopa Harvester Ant

Pogonomyrmex maricopa

Produces the most toxic insect venom known — with an LD50 of 0.12 mg/kg in mice. Just 12 stings can ...

6-10 mm
Formicidae

Mars Leafcutter Ant

Atta colombica

A major leafcutter ant species found in Colombian and Panamanian tropical forests. It forms large co...

2-16 mm (varies by caste)
Vespidae

Mason Wasp

Ancistrocerus nigricornis

A small black and yellow solitary wasp that nests in pre-existing holes and hollow stems. It provisi...

10-14 mm
Formicidae

Matabele Ant

Megaponera analis

A large black ant that specializes in raiding termite mounds in organized military-style columns. Wo...

10-18 mm
Formicidae

Meat Ant

Iridomyrmex purpureus

A large iridescent blue-black ant that is one of Australia's most dominant and ecologically importan...

6-10 mm
Vespidae

Median Wasp

Dolichovespula media

A large social wasp that builds aerial paper nests in trees and shrubs across Europe. They are less ...

15-22 mm
Formicidae

Mediterranean Harvester Ant

Messor capitatus

A large dark brown harvester ant common in southern Europe and North Africa. Major workers have dist...

4-12 mm
Scoliidae

Mediterranean Scoliid Wasp

Scolia hirta

A black hairy wasp with two prominent yellow abdominal spots common across Mediterranean regions. It...

15-25 mm
Formicidae

Metallic Ectatomma

Ectatomma ruidum

A medium-sized ant with a metallic sheen common in neotropical lowland habitats. It forages individu...

6-8 mm
Encyrtidae Not Evaluated

Metaphycus Scale Parasitoid

Metaphycus helvolus

A golden-yellow parasitoid wasp that attacks black scale and other soft scale insects on citrus and ...

1-1.5 mm
Formicidae

Mexican Twig Ant

Pseudomyrmex pallidus

A pale yellowish twig-nesting ant found from the southern United States through Central America. Sma...

3-5 mm