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Butterflies & Moths

Order Lepidoptera

809 species

Known for their large, often colorful wings covered in tiny scales. Lepidoptera undergo complete metamorphosis through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages.

Species in this Order

Lycaenidae

Cranberry Blue

Plebejus optilete

A small butterfly with violet-blue upperwings in males and dark brown in females. The hindwing under...

22-28 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Cream Wave

Scopula floslactata

A delicate cream-white moth with subtle cross-lines. Found in deciduous woodland and hedgerows. Larv...

24-28 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Cream-spot Tiger Moth

Arctia villica

A striking black moth with cream-white spots and orange hindwings with dark patches....

50-65 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Cretan Tiger Moth

Euplagia quadripunctaria rhodosensis

A colorful tiger moth found on Mediterranean islands including Crete and Rhodes. It has black-and-wh...

42-52 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Crimson Rose

Pachliopta hector

A striking black swallowtail with bright crimson patches on the hindwings and a red body. It is a mo...

Wingspan 90-120mm
Erebidae

Crimson Speckled Moth

Utetheisa pulchella

A small stunning moth with white forewings densely spotted with black and red marks. It is a strong ...

Wingspan 33-42mm
Nymphalidae

Crockeri Euphaedra

Euphaedra crockeri

A rare and beautifully patterned forest butterfly with green and orange wing markings. It is restric...

50-65 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Cruiser Butterfly

Vindula dejone

A large butterfly with warm orange wings marked with black spots and lines. Males are bright tawny-o...

80-100 mm wingspan
Sesiidae Not Evaluated

Cuban Clear-winged Moth

Carmenta bassiformis

A wasp-mimicking moth found in Cuba with transparent wings. Its narrow body and buzzing flight close...

20-30 mm wingspan
Noctuidae Not Evaluated

Cuban Dagger Moth

Acronicta oblinita

A moth found in Cuba and North America whose caterpillars bear dense tufts of hair. Adults are grayi...

35-45 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae Not Evaluated

Cuban Pygmy Blue Butterfly

Brephidium exilis thompsoni

One of the smallest butterflies in the world, found in Cuba and the Caribbean. Its wingspan barely e...

12-18 mm wingspan
Sesiidae

Currant Clearwing

Synanthedon tipuliformis

A small wasp-mimicking moth with transparent wings and a black body banded with yellow. Its larvae b...

17-22 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Cynthia Moth

Samia cynthia

An olive and brown silk moth with distinctive white crescent marks and lilac shading on the wing mar...

100-140 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Cynthia's Fritillary

Euphydryas cynthia

A striking black-and-white checkered fritillary with orange markings. Males and females differ drama...

34-42 mm wingspan
Tortricidae Not Evaluated

Cypress Bark Moth

Laspeyresia cupressana

A small moth whose larvae bore beneath the bark of cypress and juniper trees. It can cause significa...

12–18 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Near Threatened

Cypris Morpho

Morpho cypris

A striking white and blue Morpho butterfly found in Central and northern South American cloud forest...

110-140 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Dainty Swallowtail

Papilio anactus

A small, elegant swallowtail butterfly that is the most widespread Papilio species in Australia. It ...

60-80 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Dark Arches Moth

Apamea monoglypha

A large, dark brown moth with complex darker markings and pale stigmata. It is one of the largest an...

46-56 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Dark Green Fritillary

Speyeria aglaja

A fast-flying fritillary with a powerful gliding flight over open grasslands. Its underside features...

55-65 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet

Xanthorhoe ferrugata

A common but variable carpet moth found in gardens and hedgerows. Wing pattern ranges from pale to v...

22-28 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Darling Underwing

Catocala cara

A large underwing moth with cryptic gray-brown forewings and striking pinkish-red hindwings banded w...

75-90 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Death Head Hawk Moth

Acherontia lachesis

An Asian death head moth that squeaks loudly and raids bee hives for honey....

100-130 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Death Head Hawkmoth

Acherontia atropos

Famous for the skull-like pattern on its thorax. Can emit a loud squeak when disturbed. Raids beehiv...

100-130 mm wingspan
Lasiocampidae

December Moth

Poecilocampa populi

A dark, hairy moth that flies in the coldest months of the year, from November to January. Its cold-...

35-45 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Demon Charaxes

Charaxes lucretius

A large forest Charaxes with deep black upperside marked with blue iridescence in males. Females are...

70-90 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Dewy Ringlet

Erebia pandrose

A widespread alpine ringlet with grayish-brown wings and small eyespots. It is found across many mou...

34-42 mm wingspan
Plutellidae Not Evaluated

Diamondback Moth

Plutella xylostella

A tiny grayish moth with a diamond-shaped pattern along its back when wings are folded. It is the mo...

12-15 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Didius Blue Morpho

Morpho didius

One of the largest Morpho butterflies, with a wingspan reaching up to 150 mm. The males display bril...

130-150 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Near Threatened

Dingy Arctic Fritillary

Boloria improba

One of the smallest Arctic fritillaries with dull orange-brown wings and dark markings. The undersid...

26-32 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Dingy Footman Moth

Eilema griseola

A small pale straw-yellow moth with slightly darker forewing edges. It rests flat-winged unlike many...

31-37 mm wingspan
Hesperiidae

Dingy Skipper

Erynnis tages

A small, moth-like butterfly with mottled grey-brown wings that rests with wings spread flat. It is ...

27-34 mm wingspan
Sesiidae Not Evaluated

Dogwood Borer

Synanthedon scitula

A clearwing moth whose larvae bore beneath the bark of dogwood, apple, and other trees. It is a sign...

18–23 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Not Evaluated

Dominican Clearwing Butterfly

Greta diaphanus

A glasswing butterfly found in Hispaniola with nearly transparent wings. Its wings have tiny nanopil...

50-60 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Doris Longwing

Heliconius doris

A highly variable Heliconius butterfly that occurs in multiple color forms including blue, red, and ...

65-80 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Dot Moth

Melanchra persicariae

A dark bluish-black moth with a conspicuous white kidney-mark on each forewing. Its boldly marked ap...

38-48 mm wingspan
Erebidae Not Evaluated

Douglas-fir Tussock Moth

Orgyia pseudotsugata

A defoliator of Douglas-fir and true firs in western North America. Outbreaks cause severe defoliati...

25-35 mm wingspan (males)
Papilionidae

Dragon Swallowtail

Sericinus montela

A delicate white swallowtail with black veins and red spots, bearing long spatulate tails. It has a ...

52-70 mm wingspan
Lasiocampidae

Drinker Moth

Euthrix potatoria

A large golden-brown moth named because its caterpillar was observed drinking drops of dew from gras...

Wingspan 45-65mm
Riodinidae Least Concern (declining regionally)

Duke of Burgundy

Hamearis lucina

A small, chequered brown and orange butterfly and Europe's only member of the metalmark family. It h...

29-34 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Dun-bar

Cosmia trapezina

A late summer noctuid moth whose caterpillars are partly predatory, eating other moth larvae sharing...

28-34 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Dusky-winged Fritillary

Boloria natazhati

A small fritillary butterfly with dark brown wings bearing orange spots and complex underside markin...

28-34 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Ear Moth

Amphipoea oculea

A small brown moth whose larvae bore inside grass and rush stems. Very variable in appearance. Part ...

24-32 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Early Thorn

Selenia dentaria

A moth that resembles a dead leaf when at rest, with twig-like resting posture. The spring generatio...

32-40 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Eastern Tailed-Blue

Cupido comyntas

Tiny blue butterfly with thin tails on the hindwings and orange spots near the tail. One of the smal...

20-29 mm wingspan
Lasiocampidae Not Evaluated

Eastern Tent Caterpillar Moth

Malacosoma americanum

A common moth whose caterpillars build conspicuous silk tents in the forks of cherry and apple trees...

25–38 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Eastern Tiger Swallowtail

Papilio glaucus

A large yellow butterfly with bold black tiger stripes and blue and orange markings on the hindwing ...

79-140 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Edwards' Atlas Moth

Attacus edwardsii

A massive Himalayan silk moth rivaling the atlas moth in size, with rich brown wings and large trans...

200-260 mm
Nymphalidae

Eighty-eight Butterfly

Diaethria clymena

A small butterfly with striking black and white markings on its underwings that clearly spell out th...

Wingspan 30-40mm
Sphingidae

Elephant Hawk-moth

Deilephila elpenor

A stunning pink and olive-green moth that hovers at flowers like a hummingbird at dusk. Its caterpil...

55-70 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Emerald Swallowtail

Papilio palinurus

A stunning swallowtail butterfly with broad bands of emerald green on black wings. The green color i...

80-100 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Emperor Gum Moth

Opodiphthera eucalypti

A large and attractive native moth with prominent eyespots on each wing that serve as a startle defe...

100-150 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Emperor Moth

Saturnia pavonia

Europe's only native member of the giant silk moth family, with prominent eyespots on all four wings...

55-85 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Emperor Swallowtail

Papilio ophidicephalus

South Africa's largest butterfly with bold black and yellow-green markings. Its caterpillar mimics a...

100-130 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Engrailed Moth

Ectropis crepuscularia

A cryptic grey-brown moth with jagged crosslines and excellent bark-mimicking camouflage. It rests f...

35-42 mm wingspan
Saturniidae Not Evaluated

Eri Silk Moth

Samia ricini

A large domesticated silk moth with chocolate-brown wings bearing crescent-shaped eyespots. It produ...

Wingspan 100-130 mm
Hesperiidae

Essex Skipper

Thymelicus lineola

A small orange-brown skipper so similar to the small skipper that it was not recognised as a separat...

26-30 mm wingspan
Pyralidae

European Corn Borer

Ostrinia nubilalis

A small yellowish-brown moth that is one of the most destructive crop pests in the world. Larvae bor...

26-34 mm wingspan
Tortricidae

European Grape Berry Moth

Eupoecilia ambiguella

A small cream-colored moth with a dark diagonal band across the forewings. It is one of the two most...

12-15 mm wingspan
Tortricidae

European Grapevine Moth

Lobesia botrana

A small marbled moth with complex grey, brown, and olive patterns on the forewings. It is the most e...

12-13 mm wingspan
Psychidae

Evergreen Bagworm Moth

Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis

A North American bagworm whose larvae construct spindle-shaped bags covered in bits of leaves and tw...

Males 25 mm wingspan; females wingless and legless
Sphingidae

Eyed Hawk-moth

Smerinthus ocellatus

A large hawk-moth with cryptic brown forewings that conceal vivid blue and black eyespots on the hin...

70-95 mm wingspan
Noctuidae Not Evaluated

Fall Armyworm

Spodoptera frugiperda

A highly destructive migratory moth whose caterpillars can devastate entire corn and cereal fields i...

32-40 mm wingspan
Erebidae Not Evaluated

Fall Webworm

Hyphantria cunea

A native North American moth whose caterpillars build communal silk webs on tree branches. It has be...

25-42 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Near Threatened (critically endangered in EU)

False Ringlet

Coenonympha oedippus

A small, drab brown butterfly with a row of striking silver-centred eyespots on the hindwing undersi...

30-36 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Fan-foot Moth

Zanclognatha tarsipennalis

A subtle brown moth with fan-shaped palps and delicate wing markings. Found in woodland where dead l...

26-32 mm wingspan
Riodinidae

Fatal Metalmark

Calephelis nemesis

A tiny dark brown butterfly with fine metallic silver lines across the wings and minute checkered fr...

18-25 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Feathered Thorn

Colotois pennaria

An autumn-flying moth with warm orange-brown wings and males bearing dramatically feathered antennae...

40-50 mm wingspan
Hesperiidae

Fiery Skipper

Hylephila phyleus

A small bright orange skipper with short antennae and a fast darting flight. Males have a prominent ...

25-34 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Figure of Eight Moth

Diloba caeruleocephala

Named for the figure-of-eight marking on its grey forewing, this autumn-flying moth is often found a...

35-40 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Fiji Blue Spotted Crow

Euploea tulliolus

A dark-winged butterfly with distinctive blue-white spotted margins, found in Fiji and other Pacific...

55-75 mm wingspan
Zygaenidae Near Threatened

Fiji Moth

Heterallactis baibakoua

A day-flying forester moth endemic to Fiji, with metallic blue-black wings. It is found in native fo...

25-35 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Endangered

Fiji Swallowtail

Papilio schmeltzi

A swallowtail butterfly endemic to the Fiji Islands in the South Pacific. It inhabits native forest ...

7-9 cm wingspan
Gracillariidae

Firethorn Leaf Miner

Phyllonorycter leucographella

A tiny moth whose larvae create blister mines on pyracantha leaves. Originally from southern Europe,...

7-8 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Five-bar Swordtail

Graphium antiphates

An elegant swallowtail with pale creamy-white wings crossed by bold black zebra-like stripes and exc...

75-100 mm wingspan, tails up to 25 mm
Zygaenidae

Five-spotted Burnet

Zygaena trifolii

A small day-flying moth with glossy blue-black forewings bearing five red spots and entirely red hin...

Wingspan 30-38mm
Sphingidae

Five-Spotted Hawk Moth

Manduca quinquemaculata

A large mottled gray moth whose caterpillar is the familiar tomato hornworm with a distinctive black...

95-130 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Flame Carpet Moth

Xanthorhoe designata

A small, attractive geometer moth with pinkish-brown and dark banding creating a flame-like pattern....

24-28 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Forest Giant Owl Moth

Erebus walkeri

A massive dark brown moth with intricate bark-like patterning and subtle eyespots. It rests during t...

100-150 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Forest Queen Butterfly

Euxanthe wakefieldi

A large, striking butterfly with dark brown wings marked by broad bands of apple green. It is a powe...

75-90 mm wingspan
Lasiocampidae Not Evaluated

Forest Tent Caterpillar Moth

Malacosoma disstria

A widespread North American moth whose caterpillars defoliate vast areas of hardwood forest. Despite...

25–35 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Four-barred Swordtail

Protographium leosthenes

A distinctive swallowtail with translucent wings crossed by four dark bars and a long sword-like tai...

6-7 cm wingspan
Erebidae

Four-spotted Footman Moth

Lithosia quadra

A large footman moth with strong sexual dimorphism; males are grey with two forewing spots, females ...

35-55 mm wingspan
Lasiocampidae

Fox Moth

Macrothylacia rubi

A richly colored russet-brown moth. The large hairy black caterpillar is commonly seen crossing path...

Wingspan 50-65mm
Geometridae

Foxglove Pug

Eupithecia pulchellata

A small moth whose larvae feed exclusively inside foxglove flowers. Well-camouflaged with subtle bro...

17-21 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Foxy Charaxes

Charaxes jasius saturnus

A powerful butterfly with rich orange-brown wings edged in dark brown with blue spots. The underside...

75-90 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Frangipani Hawk Moth

Pseudosphinx tetrio

A large gray hawk moth whose larvae are among the most spectacular caterpillars in the world, with b...

100-140 mm
Nymphalidae

Freija Fritillary

Boloria freija

A medium-small fritillary with bright orange wings bearing black zigzag markings. The hindwing under...

30-40 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Least Concern (globally); rare and declining in Eu

Freyer's Purple Emperor

Apatura metis

A large, powerful butterfly closely related to the purple emperor but restricted to river valleys. M...

60-70 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Frigga Fritillary

Boloria frigga

A medium-sized fritillary with tawny-orange wings and a bold pattern of dark lines. The hindwing und...

34-42 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Gaboon Viper Caterpillar Moth

Lobobunaea phaedusa

A large saturniid moth with rich brown and reddish-purple wings bearing prominent eye-spots. The cat...

90-120 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Garden Carpet

Xanthorhoe fluctuata

A very common garden moth with variable grey and white patterning. Double-brooded with adults flying...

22-28 mm wingspan
Crambidae

Garden Grass-veneer

Chrysoteuchia culmella

A small straw-colored moth with a silvery sheen and prominent labial palps forming a snout. It is on...

20-26 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Garden Tiger Moth

Arctia caja

A boldly patterned moth with chocolate-and-white forewings and red-spotted hindwings....

50-73 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Gatekeeper

Pyronia tithonus

A common warm-brown butterfly often seen basking on hedgerow flowers in high summer. It has distinct...

34-38 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Gaudy Sphinx Moth

Eumorpha labruscae

A spectacular hawk moth with blue-green and brown patterned forewings that create an extraordinary l...

85-120 mm
Lycaenidae

Geranium Bronze

Cacyreus marshalli

A small dull brown butterfly with a distinctive white fringe and thin tail that has become a major p...

18-23 mm wingspan
Hepialidae

Ghost Moth

Hepialus humuli

Males are ghostly white and perform an eerie hovering dance over grassland at dusk to attract browni...

44-65 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Giant Blue Swallowtail

Papilio zalmoxis

One of the largest and most spectacular butterflies in Africa, with a wingspan exceeding 150 mm. The...

140-170 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Giant Charaxes

Charaxes castor

One of the largest charaxes butterflies with powerful tawny-orange wings with black borders. It has ...

75-95 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Giant Grey Hawk Moth

Agrius cingulata

A massive hawk moth with gray-streaked forewings and a pink and black banded abdomen. It is one of t...

95-130 mm