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Butterflies & Moths

Order Lepidoptera

809 species

Known for their large, often colorful wings covered in tiny scales. Lepidoptera undergo complete metamorphosis through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages.

Species in this Order

Erebidae

Giant Leopard Moth

Hypercompe scribonia

A striking white moth covered in black hollow ring spots with an iridescent blue-black body with ora...

57-91 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Giant Peacock Moth

Saturnia pyri

Europe's largest moth, with a wingspan up to 16 cm and prominent eyespots on all four wings. Its bro...

120-160 mm
Saturniidae

Giant Silk Moth

Hyalophora euryalus

A large western North American silk moth with reddish-brown wings featuring bold white crescent mark...

90-130 mm
Papilionidae

Giant Swallowtail

Papilio cresphontes

The largest butterfly in North America with dark brown wings crossed by yellow bands. Larvae resembl...

100-160 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Giant Swallowtail of the Andes

Papilio thoas

One of the largest swallowtail butterflies in South America, with bold yellow and black striped wing...

110-140 mm wingspan
Cossidae Not Evaluated

Giant Willow Cossid

Endoxyla cinereus

One of the heaviest moths in the world, native to Australia. Larvae bore into the trunks of eucalypt...

150–230 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Glandon Blue

Agriades glandon

A tiny high-altitude blue butterfly with distinctive underside spotting. It flies close to the groun...

20-26 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Least Concern (rare in Britain)

Glanville Fritillary

Melitaea cinxia

An orange and black chequered butterfly confined in Britain to the Isle of Wight's coastal cliffs. I...

33-40 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Glasswing Butterfly

Greta oto

Remarkable for its transparent wings, created by nanopillar structures that reduce light reflection ...

56-61 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Glover's Silk Moth

Hyalophora columbia gloveri

A large silk moth from the western Rocky Mountain region with reddish-brown wings and white crescent...

100-130 mm wingspan
Cossidae

Goat Moth

Cossus cossus

A large moth whose caterpillars bore deep into hardwood trees for up to four years....

68-96 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Goatweed Leafwing

Anaea andria

A bright orange butterfly whose angular wing shape and mottled brown underside create a perfect dead...

55-75 mm wingspan
Hepialidae

Gold Swift

Phymatopus hecta

A small primitive moth with golden-brown forewings marked with silvery-white spots. Males perform ho...

25-35 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Gold-banded Forester

Euphaedra neophron

A striking forest butterfly with dark wings marked by a bold golden-orange band. It feeds on the for...

60-75 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Least Concern; listed on CITES Appendix II

Golden Birdwing

Troides aeacus

A large birdwing butterfly with velvety black forewings and brilliant golden-yellow hindwings. It is...

140-170 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Golden Emperor

Loepa megacore

A bright golden-yellow silk moth with maroon eyespots ringed in black on each wing. It has a fluffy ...

Wingspan 90-120mm
Papilionidae Endangered

Golden Kaiserind

Teinopalpus aureus

An extremely rare swallowtail butterfly from southern China with brilliant golden-green coloration. ...

Wingspan 80-100 mm
Castniidae Critically Endangered

Golden Sun Moth

Synemon plana

A day-flying moth with dull grey-brown forewings and brilliant orange-gold hindwings. It is critical...

3-4 cm wingspan
Micropterigidae

Golden-headed Micropterix

Micropterix aruncella

A tiny, metallic-headed moth that is among the most primitive living Lepidoptera. Adults have functi...

7-9 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Near Threatened

Goliath Birdwing

Ornithoptera goliath

One of the largest butterflies in the world, found in the rainforests of Papua New Guinea and nearby...

150-210 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Gothic Moth

Naenia typica

A dark brown moth with intricate pale crosslines and markings resembling Gothic architecture. It is ...

40-48 mm wingspan
Crambidae

Grass Webworm Moth

Herpetogramma licarsisalis

A small brownish moth with faint wavy lines across the forewings. Its larvae spin silk webs over gra...

20-26 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Gray Hairstreak

Strymon melinus

One of the most widespread hairstreaks in North America with slate-gray wings and a bright orange sp...

22-35 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Great Banded Grayling

Brintesia circe

A large brown butterfly with a prominent white band across the hindwing underside, resembling a tree...

60-70 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Great Eggfly

Hypolimnas bolina

A striking tropical butterfly in which males are jet black with large iridescent white-blue spots. F...

70-85 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Great Helen

Papilio iswara

A large, elegant swallowtail with dark velvety black wings bearing a broad white band across the hin...

120-150 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Great Mormon

Papilio memnon

A large swallowtail butterfly where females come in multiple dramatically different forms mimicking ...

Wingspan 120-150mm
Nymphalidae

Great Nawab

Polyura eudamippus

A large and powerful butterfly with pale green-white uppersides and richly marked brown and olive un...

85-110 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Great Orange Tip

Hebomoia glaucippe

The largest pierid butterfly in the world with white wings bearing brilliant orange tips. It has a f...

Wingspan 75-100mm
Nymphalidae Near Threatened

Great Purple Emperor

Sasakia charonda

Japan's national butterfly, known as 'o-murasaki' in Japanese. Males display a stunning purple iride...

75-110 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Great Purple Hairstreak

Atlides halesus

The largest hairstreak in North America with brilliant iridescent blue upperside wings and a bright ...

32-50 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Great Spangled Fritillary

Speyeria cybele

Large orange butterfly with heavy black markings and silver spots on the hindwing underside. Common ...

62-88 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Green Baron

Euthalia adonia

A forest butterfly with vivid iridescent green upperside in males, while females are brownish with w...

60-80 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Green Carpet Moth

Colostygia pectinataria

A small moth with bright green forewings crossed by darker green bands. The green color fades to yel...

25-30 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Green Dragontail

Lamproptera meges

A diminutive swallowtail butterfly with translucent green-tinted wings and extraordinarily long, sle...

40-55 mm wingspan, tails up to 30 mm
Lycaenidae

Green Hairstreak

Callophrys rubi

A small butterfly with plain brown uppersides but stunning iridescent green undersides. It always re...

Wingspan 26-34mm
Tortricidae

Green Oak Tortrix

Tortrix viridana

A small bright green moth with pale hindwings that is the most important oak defoliator in Europe. O...

20-24 mm wingspan
Nolidae

Green Silver-lines

Pseudoips prasinana

A vivid bright-green moth with three diagonal white or silver lines across each forewing. It is one ...

33-40 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Green-banded Swallowtail

Papilio nireus

A striking black swallowtail with brilliant metallic blue-green bands across both wings. It is a fas...

80-100 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Green-veined Charaxes

Charaxes candiope

A large charaxes with orange upperwings and distinctive green-veined underwings. It is common along ...

70-85 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Greenland Copper

Lycaena phlaeas polaris

The Arctic subspecies of the small copper butterfly, smaller and darker than its temperate counterpa...

22-28 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Greenland Noctuid Moth

Sympistis zetterstedtii

A small, cryptically patterned moth with mottled gray and brown forewings. It is one of the few noct...

24-30 mm wingspan
Hesperiidae Least Concern (declining in northern range)

Grizzled Skipper

Pyrgus malvae

A tiny butterfly with dark brown wings chequered with white spots, resembling a small moth. It basks...

23-29 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Guedin's Hawk Moth

Macroglossum gyrans

A small day-flying hawk moth with olive-brown forewings and orange-yellow hindwings. It hovers at fl...

35-45 mm
Nymphalidae

Gulf Fritillary

Dione vanillae

Bright orange wings with black markings above and elongated silver spots below. Despite its name, it...

60-95 mm wingspan
Nolidae

Gum Leaf Skeletoniser

Uraba lugens

A small moth whose caterpillars are known for retaining their shed head capsules stacked on top of e...

25-35 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Gypsy Moth

Lymantria dispar

A sexually dimorphic moth where males are brown and can fly, while females are white with dark marki...

37-62 mm wingspan
Limacodidae

Hag Moth

Phobetron pithecium

A furry brown moth whose larva is called the monkey slug due to its bizarre shape with curly fleshy ...

20-28 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Harvester Butterfly

Feniseca tarquinius

The only carnivorous butterfly in North America, whose caterpillar feeds on woolly aphids rather tha...

28-33 mm wingspan
Geometridae Not Evaluated

Hawaiian Carnivorous Caterpillar

Eupithecia staurophragma

A remarkable moth whose caterpillars are ambush predators of insects, unique among Lepidoptera. Foun...

20-25 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Hawk Moth (Australian Privet Hawk Moth)

Psilogramma menephron

One of Australia's largest hawk moths, with a robust grey body and intricately patterned wings that ...

100-120 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Heart and Dart

Agrotis exclamationis

An extremely common brown moth named for the heart and dart-shaped markings on its forewing. It is o...

32-40 mm wingspan
Noctuidae

Hebrew Character

Orthosia gothica

A spring-flying moth with a distinctive black C-shaped marking on each forewing that resembles a Heb...

30-37 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Helena Brown Butterfly

Tisiphone helena

A dark brown butterfly with orange-ringed eyespots found in shaded forest environments. It has a wea...

5-6 cm wingspan
Saturniidae

Helena Gum Moth

Opodiphthera helena

A beautiful saturniid moth with pinkish-brown wings marked with bold eyespots. It is found in eucaly...

90-120 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Heliconius Hecale Longwing

Heliconius hecale

A large Heliconius butterfly with black wings marked by broad orange and yellow patches. It is one o...

70-85 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Near Threatened

Heliconius Hewitsoni

Heliconius hewitsoni

A rare Heliconius butterfly with black wings and a distinctive bright yellow forewing band. It is re...

60-70 mm wingspan
Riodinidae

Helicopter Metalmark

Chorinea octauius

Transparent forewings with red and black hindwing tails that twirl in flight. The spinning tails cre...

35-45 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Henshaw's Brown Silk Moth

Caligula japonica

A large Japanese silk moth with rich brown wings featuring distinctive zigzag postmedial lines and c...

100-130 mm
Erebidae

Herald Moth

Scoliopteryx libatrix

A distinctive moth with scalloped wing edges and orange patches that hibernates in caves, cellars, a...

40-46 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Hercules Moth

Coscinocera hercules

Has the largest wing area of any moth — up to 300 square centimeters. Named after Hercules for its g...

270 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Hercules Moth of South America

Copaxa multifenestrata

A large silk moth with brown wings bearing multiple translucent windows that give it its species nam...

100-130 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Hickory Horned Devil

Citheronia regalis

The largest caterpillar in North America at up to 150 mm, with dramatic curved horns and fearsome ap...

150 mm (caterpillar), 130-155 mm wingspan (adult)
Nymphalidae

High Brown Fritillary

Fabriciana adippe

A large, fast-flying fritillary with rich tawny-orange wings and a complex pattern of silver spots b...

55-65 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Endangered

Hispaniolan Swallowtail

Papilio aristodemus

A large swallowtail butterfly found in the Caribbean with yellow and dark brown wings. Several subsp...

90-110 mm wingspan
Hesperiidae

Hoary Edge Skipper

Achalarus lyciades

A dark brown spread-wing skipper with a frosted white patch along the outer margin of the hindwing u...

37-47 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Holly Blue

Celastrina argiolus

Pale silvery-blue butterfly with small black dots on the underside. Alternates between holly and ivy...

26-34 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Endangered

Homerus Swallowtail

Papilio homerus

The largest butterfly in the Americas, with a wingspan reaching 150 mm and bold black and yellow pat...

130-150 mm wingspan
Sesiidae

Hornet Moth

Sesia apiformis

A clearwing moth that is a near-perfect mimic of the European hornet....

33-48 mm wingspan
Gracillariidae

Horse Chestnut Leaf-miner

Cameraria ohridella

A tiny moth that has devastated horse chestnut trees across Europe since its discovery in 1985. Larv...

7-8 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Hummingbird Clearwing Moth

Hemaris thysbe

A day-flying sphinx moth with transparent wings bordered in reddish-brown that closely resembles a h...

38-50 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Hummingbird Hawk-Moth

Macroglossum stellatarum

A day-flying moth that hovers at flowers and produces an audible hum, almost perfectly mimicking a h...

40-50 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Ilex Hairstreak

Satyrium ilicis

A small dark brown butterfly with an orange band on the underside of its hindwings and a tiny tail p...

30-36 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Ilia Underwing

Catocala ilia

A large moth with bark-patterned gray forewings that conceal bright reddish-orange and black hindwin...

70-95 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Imbrasia Silk Moth

Imbrasia epimethea

A large West African saturniid with reddish-brown wings bearing dark eyespots. Its caterpillars are ...

90-130 mm
Pieridae

Imperial Jezebel

Delias harpalyce

A striking butterfly with white uppersides and vivid red and yellow undersides. It flies high in euc...

6-7 cm wingspan
Saturniidae

Imperial Moth

Eacles imperialis

A large moth with bright yellow wings variably marked with purple-brown spots and patches. It is one...

80-135 mm
Pieridae Not Evaluated

Imported Cabbageworm

Pieris rapae

A common white butterfly whose velvety green caterpillars are among the most familiar vegetable gard...

45-50 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Indian Fritillary

Argyreus hyperbius

Orange wings with rounded black spots; females have darker forewings with white patches. Females mim...

55-70 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Indian Moon Moth

Actias selene

A large, elegant moth with pale green wings, long hindwing tails, and maroon-bordered eyespots. It i...

80-120 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Indian Tortoiseshell

Aglais caschmirensis

A beautiful butterfly with rich orange-brown wings edged with blue spots and irregular dark markings...

55-65 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Indian Tussock Moth

Euproctis lunata

A yellow-brown moth with a distinctive dark crescent marking on the forewings. Its brightly colored,...

25-35 mm wingspan
Pyralidae Not Evaluated

Indianmeal Moth

Plodia interpunctella

The most common stored-product moth pest, recognized by its two-toned wings with copper outer halves...

16-20 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Io Moth

Automeris io

Named after Io from Greek mythology. Hindwings display large eyespots that flash open to startle pre...

63-88 mm wingspan
Notodontidae

Iron Prominent Moth

Notodonta dromedarius

A richly colored moth with rusty-brown forewings marked with yellow and dark patches. Its caterpilla...

40-48 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Isabella Tiger Moth

Pyrrharctia isabella

A plain orange-yellow moth with scattered black spots. Its caterpillar is the famous woolly bear a f...

Wingspan 45-67mm
Pieridae Endangered

Island Marble Butterfly

Euchloe ausonides insulanus

A small white butterfly with green marbled undersides found only on San Juan Island, Washington. It ...

3-4 cm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Jamides celeno

Jamides celeno

Small pale blue butterfly with white-striped underside and orange-crowned eyespots near the tail. Co...

25-35 mm wingspan
Psychidae

Japanese Bagworm Moth

Eumeta variegata

Known as 'minomushi' in Japanese, the caterpillar builds a distinctive portable case from silk, twig...

25-45 mm (case length)
Pieridae

Japanese Clouded Yellow

Colias erate

Known as 'monjiro-cho' in Japanese, a common yellow butterfly found in open grasslands. Males are br...

40-50 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Japanese Comma Butterfly

Nymphalis vaualbum

Known as 'erutateha' in Japanese, a large nymphalid butterfly with deeply scalloped wing edges. The ...

55-65 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Japanese Copper

Lycaena phlaeas daimio

The Japanese subspecies of the small copper butterfly, known as 'beni-shijimi.' A small but brillian...

22-30 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Japanese Giant Silkmoth

Saturnia japonica

A large reddish-brown moth with prominent eyespots on all four wings. It is endemic to Japan and clo...

85-120 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Near Threatened

Japanese Luehdorfia

Luehdorfia japonica

A rare spring-flying swallowtail butterfly endemic to Japan. Named 'spring goddess' in Japanese. Has...

45-55 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Japanese Luna Moth

Actias gnoma

A smaller Japanese moon moth known as 'o-mizuao-ga,' with elegant pale green wings and long tail str...

80-110 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Japanese Lunar Moth

Actias aliena

A beautiful pale green moon moth found in Japan, known as 'o-mizuao.' Features long, elegant tail st...

80-120 mm wingspan
Saturniidae Not Evaluated

Japanese Moon Moth

Actias artemis

A delicate pale green moon moth with elegant hindwing tails found only in Japan. It flies during the...

Wingspan 80-120 mm
Lycaenidae

Japanese Oakblue

Arhopala japonica

A beautiful lycaenid butterfly with brilliant metallic blue upperwings and cryptic brown underwings....

30-40 mm wingspan
Saturniidae Not Evaluated

Japanese Silk Moth

Antheraea yamamai

A large wild silk moth native to Japan with striking yellow-brown wings bearing prominent eyespots. ...

Wingspan 110-150 mm
Papilionidae

Japanese Spicebush Swallowtail

Papilio protenor

A striking all-black swallowtail known as 'kuro-ageha' in Japanese. The hindwings have subtle red an...

80-120 mm wingspan