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Butterflies & Moths

Order Lepidoptera

809 species

Known for their large, often colorful wings covered in tiny scales. Lepidoptera undergo complete metamorphosis through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages.

Species in this Order

Riodinidae Least Concern (species); some subspecies criticall

Mormon Metalmark

Apodemia mormo

A small butterfly with dark brown wings covered in white spots arranged in irregular bands. Several ...

22-30 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Near Threatened

Morpho Portis Butterfly

Morpho portis

An Atlantic Forest endemic Morpho butterfly with dark brown wings marked by a violet-blue iridescent...

90-110 mm wingspan
Crambidae

Mother of Pearl Moth

Patania ruralis

A large crambid moth with translucent pearlescent wings bearing subtle brown markings. It is one of ...

30-40 mm wingspan
Erebidae

Mother Shipton

Euclidia mi

A day-flying moth whose forewing markings resemble the profile of a witch's face. It is named after ...

30-35 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Mother-of-Pearl Butterfly

Protogoniomorpha parhassus

A large butterfly with shimmering pearly white wings that reflect iridescent blue and pink. It inhab...

70-90 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Mottled Umber Moth

Erannis defoliaria

A variably patterned brown moth where males range from pale to almost black. Females are completely ...

35-45 mm wingspan (males)
Nymphalidae

Mountain Fritillary

Boloria napaea

A small fritillary with rich orange-brown wings marked with black spots. It occurs in damp alpine me...

30-38 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Least Concern (vulnerable to climate change)

Mountain Ringlet

Erebia epiphron

A small dark brown butterfly with orange-ringed eyespots found only at high altitudes. In Britain it...

32-38 mm wingspan
Saturniidae Not Evaluated

Muga Silk Moth

Antheraea assamensis

A semi-domesticated wild silk moth producing a naturally golden silk unique to Assam, India. Its shi...

Wingspan 120-150 mm
Erebidae

Muslin Moth

Diaphora mendica

A sexually dimorphic moth where males are dark smoky grey and females are pure white with black spot...

30-38 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Naga Nawab Butterfly

Polyura nepenthes

A powerful fast-flying butterfly with green-washed wings and short tails on the hindwings. It is dra...

Wingspan 70-90 mm
Sphingidae Least Concern (declining in western Europe)

Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth

Hemaris tityus

A bumblebee mimic with largely transparent wings and a furry olive-and-brown body. It flies by day, ...

38-45 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae Endangered

Natterer's Longhorn Beetle

Heliconius nattereri

A rare heliconiine butterfly endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. One of the most threatened bu...

60-70 mm wingspan
Pyralidae Not Evaluated

Navel Orangeworm

Amyelois transitella

The most damaging pest of almonds, walnuts, and pistachios in California. Larvae bore into nuts and ...

20-28 mm wingspan
Saturniidae Not Evaluated

Neotropical Atlas Moth

Arsenura armida

A large silkmoth with wavy brown and grey wings and distinctive scalloped wing margins. Its caterpil...

120-160 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae

Neotropical Blue Hairstreak

Pseudolycaena marsyas

A brilliant iridescent blue hairstreak butterfly with delicate tail streamers on the hind wings. Its...

35-45 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Nessus Sphinx Moth

Amphion floridensis

A day-flying sphinx moth with dark chocolate-brown wings and two bright yellow bands across the abdo...

50-60 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Nettle Pug

Eupithecia venosata

A small pug moth associated with bladder campion, not nettles despite its name. Larvae feed inside t...

20-24 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Nettle-tree Butterfly

Libythea celtis

A medium butterfly with angular wings and an extremely long snout formed by elongated palps. Its win...

Wingspan 40-50mm
Erebidae

New Zealand Magpie Moth

Nyctemera annulata

A distinctive day-flying moth endemic to New Zealand, with black and white spotted wings. It is comm...

35-45 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

New Zealand Red Admiral

Vanessa gonerilla

An endemic New Zealand butterfly with striking red and black wing patterns. It is found throughout b...

50-60 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

New Zealand Yellow Admiral

Vanessa itea

A native New Zealand butterfly closely related to the red admiral but featuring prominent yellow-ora...

45-55 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Norse Grayling

Oeneis norna

A medium-sized grayish-brown butterfly with subtle orange patches and small eyespots. The wings have...

44-54 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Northern Clouded Yellow

Colias hecla

A bright orange-yellow butterfly with broad dark borders on the upperwings. The underside is greenis...

38-50 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Numata Longwing

Heliconius numata

A remarkable butterfly that exists in over a dozen wing pattern forms, each mimicking a different sp...

60-75 mm wingspan
Riodinidae

Nymphidium mantus

Nymphidium mantus

White butterfly with dark wing edges resembling a tiny pierid. Caterpillars are tended by ants in a ...

28-35 mm wingspan
Lasiocampidae

Oak Eggar

Lasiocampa quercus

A robust moth with rich brown wings and a distinctive white spot on each forewing. Males are active ...

50-75 mm wingspan
Tortricidae

Oak Leaf Roller Moth

Archips xylosteana

A medium-sized tortrix with brown patterned forewings showing darker oblique bands. Larvae roll oak ...

18-23 mm wingspan
Notodontidae

Oak Processionary Moth

Thaumetopoea processionea

A moth whose caterpillars march nose-to-tail in long processions along tree branches....

25-35 mm wingspan
Hesperiidae

Oberthur's Grizzled Skipper

Pyrgus armoricanus

A small greyish-brown skipper with white spots, very similar to related species but with distinct un...

24-28 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Oberthur's Loepa Moth

Loepa oberthuri

A bright golden-yellow silk moth with distinctive violet-centered eyespots surrounded by rings of ye...

80-105 mm
Noctuidae

Old Lady Moth

Mormo maura

A large, sombre dark-brown moth whose wing pattern was thought to resemble a shawl worn by elderly w...

60-75 mm wingspan
Noctuidae Not Evaluated

Old World Bollworm

Helicoverpa armigera

One of the most destructive agricultural pests globally, attacking over 200 crop species. Larvae bor...

35-40 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Oleander Hawkmoth

Daphnis nerii

A large hawkmoth with beautiful camouflage patterns in shades of green and pink that perfectly match...

80-120 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Orange Oakleaf Butterfly

Kallima inachus

A butterfly with bright orange upperwings but underwings that perfectly mimic a dead leaf....

85-110 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Orange Sulphur

Colias eurytheme

Orange-yellow butterfly with black wing borders and a pink-rimmed silver spot on the hindwing unders...

35-55 mm wingspan
Hepialidae Not Evaluated

Orange Swift Moth

Triodia sylvina

A ghost moth whose larvae bore into the roots of various trees and herbaceous plants. Males have bri...

28–48 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Orange-barred Sulphur

Phoebis philea

A large bright yellow butterfly with orange bar markings on the upper forewings. Females are more mu...

Wingspan 67-80mm
Pieridae

Orange-tip

Anthocharis cardamines

Males have bright orange wingtips; females are plain white with black tips. A herald of spring in Eu...

38-48 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Orchard Swallowtail

Papilio aegeus

A large black swallowtail where females display white and red markings mimicking toxic butterflies. ...

9-12 cm wingspan
Nymphalidae Endangered

Oregon Silverspot Butterfly

Speyeria zerene hippolyta

A medium-sized fritillary butterfly with bright silver spots on its hindwing undersides. It inhabits...

5-6 cm wingspan
Tortricidae Not Evaluated

Oriental Fruit Moth

Grapholita molesta

A small dark moth whose larvae first bore into peach shoot tips, then later generations attack fruit...

12-15 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Orizaba Silk Moth

Rothschildia orizaba

A magnificent New World silk moth with large reddish-brown wings bearing conspicuous triangular clea...

110-145 mm
Arctiidae Near Threatened

Ornate Tiger Moth

Arctia flavia

A rare alpine tiger moth with cream forewings bearing irregular brown markings and orange-yellow hin...

45-55 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Owl Butterfly

Caligo memnon

A very large tropical butterfly with enormous owl-eye patterns on the underside of its hindwings. Th...

Wingspan 120-160mm
Brahmaeidae Data Deficient

Owl Moth

Brahmaea wallichii

A large moth with intricate swirling wing patterns resembling owl feathers....

130-160 mm wingspan
Uraniidae

Painted Bat Moth

Alcidis zodiaca

A day-flying moth with iridescent blue-black wings marked with bands of brilliant orange and white p...

80-120 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Painted Jezebel

Delias hyparete

A brightly colored butterfly with white uppersides and strikingly colorful undersides featuring red,...

60-80 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Painted Lady

Vanessa cardui

The most widely distributed butterfly in the world, found on every continent except Antarctica and S...

54-73 mm wingspan
Arctiidae

Painted Lichen Moth

Hypoprepia fucosa

A small moth with distinctive grey forewings bearing bright red-orange stripes running from base to ...

25-33 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Least Concern; threatened by laurel wilt disease k

Palamedes Swallowtail

Papilio palamedes

A large dark swallowtail of southern swamp forests with yellow bands and a distinctive yellow postme...

100-130 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Pale Arctic Clouded Yellow

Colias werdandi

A pale greenish-yellow butterfly with very faint dark wing borders. It is closely associated with Sc...

38-46 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Pale Brown Hawk Moth

Theretra nessus

A sleek hawk moth with uniform brown coloring and darker lateral stripes along the body. It is wides...

55-75 mm
Lycaenidae

Pale Grass Blue

Zizeeria maha

One of the smallest and most common butterflies in Japan, known as 'yamato-shijimi.' Found everywher...

15-25 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Pale Triangle

Graphium eurypylus

A fast-flying swallowtail with pale blue-green triangle markings on black wings. It frequently puddl...

6-7 cm wingspan
Erebidae

Pale Tussock

Calliteara pudibunda

A fluffy grey-white moth with distinctively feathered legs held forward at rest. Its caterpillar is ...

40-65 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Pallid Emperor Moth

Cirina forda

A medium-sized saturniid moth with pale brownish-grey wings. The caterpillars, known as shea worms, ...

60-80 mm wingspan
Lycaenidae Critically Endangered

Palos Verdes Blue

Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis

A tiny blue butterfly endemic to the Palos Verdes Peninsula in Los Angeles County. It was thought ex...

2-3 cm wingspan
Sphingidae

Pandora Sphinx Moth

Eumorpha pandorus

A large sphinx moth with olive-green forewings marked with darker patches and pink hindwings. Its ca...

82-115 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Vulnerable

Paradise Birdwing

Ornithoptera paradisea

A spectacular birdwing butterfly endemic to Papua New Guinea, notable for the elongated tails on the...

120-170 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Paris Peacock

Papilio paris

A magnificent large swallowtail with velvety black wings bearing a large iridescent blue-green patch...

90-120 mm wingspan
Tortricidae

Pea Moth

Cydia nigricana

A small tortrix moth whose larvae feed inside pea pods. A significant pest of commercial and garden ...

12-15 mm wingspan
Drepanidae

Peach Blossom

Thyatira batis

A charming moth with olive-brown forewings adorned with pink and white spots that resemble peach blo...

35-40 mm wingspan
Gelechiidae Not Evaluated

Peach Twig Borer

Anarsia lineatella

A small gray moth whose larvae bore into new shoots and developing fruits of stone fruit trees. It i...

12-16 mm wingspan
Sesiidae Not Evaluated

Peachtree Borer

Synanthedon exitiosa

A clearwing moth that is the most destructive borer of peach trees in North America. Larvae feed in ...

25–33 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Peacock Butterfly

Aglais io

Reddish-brown wings with four large blue and yellow eyespots resembling peacock feathers. Undersides...

50-55 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Peak White

Pontia callidice

A white butterfly with greenish marbling on the underside of its hindwings. It is one of the highest...

40-48 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Pearl Charaxes

Charaxes varanes

A medium-sized charaxes butterfly with pearly white underwings and tawny-orange uppersides. It is on...

55-70 mm wingspan
Notodontidae

Pebble Prominent Moth

Notodonta ziczac

A grey-brown moth with a tuft of scales on the trailing edge of each forewing that creates a promine...

40-50 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Pellucid Hawk Moth

Cephonodes hylas

A strikingly beautiful day-flying hawk moth with entirely transparent wings and a bright green and y...

45-65 mm
Lycaenidae

Pepe Para Riki (Common Copper)

Lycaena salustius

New Zealand's most common endemic butterfly, a small copper-coloured species found in open habitats ...

20-30 mm wingspan
Psychidae

Pepe Tuna (Bag Moth)

Liothula omnivora

A native New Zealand bag moth whose caterpillars construct elaborate portable cases covered with twi...

15-25 mm (male wingspan); cases up to 100 mm
Geometridae

Peppered Moth

Biston betularia

The classic textbook example of natural selection in action. During the Industrial Revolution, dark ...

45-62 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Peppered Moth Dark Form

Biston betularia f. carbonaria

The dark melanic form of the famous peppered moth, a textbook example of natural selection. Became d...

42-52 mm wingspan
Geometridae

Peppered Moth of New Zealand

Cleora scriptaria

An endemic New Zealand geometrid moth known as the kawakawa looper, whose caterpillars feed on kawak...

30-40 mm wingspan
Saturniidae Vulnerable

Philippine Atlas Moth

Attacus lemairei

A giant silk moth endemic to the Philippines with rich chestnut-brown wings and large transparent tr...

200-280 mm wingspan
Papilionidae Near Threatened

Philippine Birdwing

Troides rhadamantus

A large birdwing butterfly endemic to the Philippines with black forewings and bright golden-yellow ...

140-180 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Pine Emperor Moth

Imbrasia cytherea

A large South African emperor moth with brown and cream banded wings. Its caterpillars can become si...

100-140 mm
Sphingidae

Pine Hawk-moth

Sphinx pinastri

A sleek grey hawk-moth with dark streaks that provide perfect camouflage against pine bark. It is st...

70-87 mm wingspan
Notodontidae

Pine Processionary

Thaumetopoea pityocampa

A grey moth whose caterpillars march in long nose-to-tail processions between their silk nests and f...

36-42 mm wingspan
Tortricidae

Pine Shoot Moth

Rhyacionia buoliana

A small bright orange moth with silver-grey crosslines on the forewings. Its larvae bore into the te...

18-24 mm wingspan
Pieridae

Pine White

Neophasia menapia

Delicate white butterfly with black forewing veins. Uniquely among pierids, larvae feed on conifer n...

42-52 mm wingspan
Lasiocampidae

Pine-tree Lappet

Dendrolimus pini

A large moth that can be a devastating forest pest, with caterpillars capable of completely defoliat...

50-80 mm wingspan
Gelechiidae Not Evaluated

Pink Bollworm

Pectinophora gossypiella

A small dark moth whose pink-tinged larvae bore into cotton bolls and damage the fibers and seeds. I...

15-20 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Pink Glasswing

Cithaerias pireta

A forest-floor butterfly with mostly transparent wings and delicate pink-tinted hind wing patches. I...

45-55 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Pipevine Swallowtail

Battus philenor

A dark swallowtail with brilliant iridescent blue hindwings and an orange-spotted underside. Its tox...

70-110 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Plain Tiger

Danaus chrysippus

An orange butterfly with black borders and white spots that is extremely widespread across Africa an...

Wingspan 70-80mm
Nymphalidae

Polar Fritillary

Boloria polaris

A small butterfly with warm orange upperwings marked with dark spots and zigzag lines. The underside...

30-38 mm wingspan
Papilionidae

Police Car Swallowtail

Graphium policenes

A striking swallowtail butterfly with black wings covered in small pale green spots resembling a pol...

60-75 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Polyphemus Moth

Antheraea polyphemus

A large tan moth with prominent purple-ringed eyespots on its hindwings. It is named after the cyclo...

Wingspan 100-150mm
Nymphalidae Least Concern (declining in western Europe)

Poplar Admiral

Limenitis populi

Europe's largest nymphalid butterfly with broad dark wings bearing white bands and orange submargina...

70-90 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Poplar Hawk-moth

Laothoe populi

A large grey-brown hawk-moth that holds its hindwings forward of the forewings at rest, creating an ...

65-90 mm wingspan
Notodontidae

Poplar Kitten Moth

Furcula bifida

A small relative of the puss moth with a caterpillar that also has tail whips....

34-44 mm wingspan
Nymphalidae

Postman Butterfly

Heliconius melpomene

A slender long-winged butterfly with black wings and a bold red band across the forewings. It is a c...

Wingspan 55-80mm
Papilionidae

Priamus Birdwing

Ornithoptera priamus

A large and variable birdwing butterfly found across Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and part...

120-190 mm wingspan
Sphingidae

Privet Hawk-moth

Sphinx ligustri

Britain's largest resident moth, with a massive body bearing pink and black abdominal stripes. Its h...

90-120 mm wingspan
Notodontidae

Processionary Caterpillar Moth

Ochrogaster lunifer

A moth whose caterpillars are famous for travelling in long, nose-to-tail processions through the Au...

35-45 mm wingspan
Saturniidae

Promethea Moth

Callosamia promethea

A large silk moth with strong sexual dimorphism. Males are dark with tan margins while females are r...

Wingspan 75-95mm
Zygaenidae

Provencal Burnet

Zygaena occitanica

A small day-flying moth with dark blue-green metallic forewings bearing red spots and bright red hin...

Wingspan 25-35mm
Lycaenidae

Provence Short-tailed Blue

Cupido alcetas

One of Europe's smallest butterflies with violet-blue males and dark brown females. It lacks the tai...

22-28 mm wingspan