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Flies

Order Diptera

368 species

Characterized by having only two wings, with the hindwings reduced to halteres used for balance. Diptera includes mosquitoes, gnats, midges, and true flies.

Species in this Order

Tephritidae

Mediterranean Fruit Fly

Ceratitis capitata

A small colorful fruit fly with patterned wings and a yellowish body. It is one of the world's most ...

4-6 mm
Culicidae

Melas Malaria Mosquito

Anopheles melas

The West African saltwater-breeding member of the Anopheles gambiae complex, breeding in mangrove sw...

3-5 mm
Tephritidae

Melon Fly

Zeugodacus cucurbitae

A reddish-yellow fruit fly that is a major pest of melons, cucumbers, and other cucurbits. It has sp...

6-8 mm
Culicidae

Merus Malaria Mosquito

Anopheles merus

A saltwater-breeding member of the Anopheles gambiae complex found along the East African coast. It ...

3-5 mm
Syrphidae

Mexican Cactus Fly

Copestylum mexicanum

A large, dark hoverfly whose larvae develop in decaying cactus tissue. Adults are strong fliers visi...

12-18 mm
Chironomidae

Midge

Chironomus plumosus

A delicate, mosquito-like fly with feathery antennae that forms enormous mating swarms at dusk. Desp...

8-12 mm
Cecidomyiidae

Midge Gall Fly

Asphondylia sarothamni

A gall midge that induces pod-like galls on broom shrubs. Its larvae develop inside swollen seed pod...

2-4 mm
Culicidae

Minimus Malaria Mosquito

Anopheles minimus

A small mosquito found along the foothills and valleys of Southeast Asia, breeding in slow-moving, c...

3-4 mm
Tipulidae

Montane Crane Fly

Tipula montana

A common crane fly in mountain forests and adjacent meadows. Larvae develop in damp forest soils ric...

12-18 mm body length
Culicidae

Mosquito

Aedes aegypti

A vector for dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya. Only females bite, needing blood protein f...

4-7 mm
Empididae

Mountain Dance Fly

Empis pennipes

A predatory fly with feathery leg fringes used in aerial mating displays. Males offer prey gifts wra...

5-8 mm body length
Mycetophilidae

Mountain Fungus Gnat

Boletina alpina

A delicate, long-legged gnat found in damp montane forests. Larvae develop in fungi and decaying woo...

4-6 mm body length
Syrphidae

Mountain Hover Fly

Arctophila superbiens

A furry, bumblebee-mimicking hover fly of alpine meadows. Its dense body hair helps it retain heat i...

10-14 mm body length
Dolichopodidae

Mountain Long-legged Fly

Dolichopus alpinus

A metallic green fly with long legs found in damp alpine meadows. Males perform elaborate courtship ...

4-6 mm body length
Deuterophlebiidae

Mountain Midge

Deuterophlebia coloradensis

A tiny midge whose larvae cling to rocks in fast-flowing alpine streams with suction discs....

3-5 mm
Blephariceridae

Mountain Net-Winged Midge

Blepharicera capitata

A large net-winged midge of Appalachian mountain streams. Larvae require extremely clean, well-oxyge...

7-11 mm
Simuliidae

Mountain Prosimulium

Prosimulium mixtum

An early-season black fly of cold mountain streams in North America. Larvae develop in small headwat...

2-4 mm
Asilidae

Mountain Robber Fly

Machimus rusticus

A powerful aerial predator found in dry mountain meadows and rocky slopes. It catches other insects ...

12-18 mm body length
Mydidae Data Deficient

Mydas Fly

Gauromydas heros

The largest fly in the world at up to 60 mm long with a 100 mm wingspan. A wasp mimic with black bod...

40-60 mm body
Sarcophagidae

Myiasis-Causing Flesh Fly

Wohlfahrtia vigil

A large flesh fly found in North America that causes obligate dermal myiasis in small animals includ...

10-14 mm
Syrphidae

Narcissus Bulb Fly

Merodon equestris

A bumble bee-mimicking hoverfly that comes in multiple color forms matching different bumblebee spec...

10-15 mm
Syrphidae

Narrow-banded Hoverfly

Meliscaeva auricollis

A small hoverfly with narrow yellow crescent markings on a dark abdomen. It is among the first hover...

7-10 mm
Bombyliidae

Narrow-winged Bee Fly

Systoechus vulgaris

A small, hairy bee fly with a rounded body and a short proboscis compared to Bombylius species. It h...

7-10 mm
Tephritidae

Natal Fruit Fly

Ceratitis rosa

A colorful African fruit fly closely related to the Mediterranean fruit fly. It attacks tropical and...

4-6 mm
Simuliidae

Neavei Black Fly

Simulium neavei

A small black fly whose larvae uniquely attach to freshwater crabs rather than rocks or vegetation. ...

2-3 mm
Asilidae

Neotropical Robber Fly

Ommatius orenoquensis

A slender tropical robber fly found in South American lowland forests. It hunts from leaf tips in th...

10-15 mm
Tephritidae Not Evaluated

New Caledonian Monarch Fly

Bactrocera umbrosa

A fruit fly found in New Caledonia and the western Pacific. It is a pest of breadfruit and jackfruit...

7-10 mm
Keroplatidae

New Zealand Glowworm

Arachnocampa luminosa

A bioluminescent fungus gnat larva endemic to New Zealand. Produces blue-green light to lure prey in...

30-40 mm (larvae)
Simuliidae

New Zealand Sandfly

Austrosimulium ungulatum

A small black fly endemic to New Zealand that inflicts painful bites, particularly notorious in the ...

2-4 mm
Tachinidae

Noisy Tachinid

Tachina fera

A large tawny-orange tachinid fly commonly found basking on vegetation in late summer. It parasitize...

9-14 mm
Muscidae

Noon Fly

Mesembrina meridiana

A large stocky black fly with bright orange wing bases. It basks in sunshine on walls and fences at ...

10-13mm
Simuliidae

Northern Black Fly

Simulium venustum

A common biting black fly of northern forests and boreal streams. Larvae form dense colonies on subm...

2-4 mm
Culicidae

Northern House Mosquito

Aedes hexodontus

A dark-colored Arctic mosquito with distinctive banding on the abdomen. It breeds in tundra pools an...

5-7 mm
Oestridae

Nose Bot Fly of Horses

Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis

A dark-bodied bot fly that deposits reddish-black eggs around the lips of horses. Larvae penetrate t...

10-14 mm
Tabanidae

Notch-horned Cleg

Haematopota pluvialis

A grey horse fly with mottled wings that approaches silently before biting. It is one of the most co...

8-12 mm
Simuliidae

Ochraceum Black Fly

Simulium ochraceum

A small orangish-brown black fly that is the principal vector of onchocerciasis in Central America a...

1.5-3 mm
Calliphoridae

Old World Screwworm

Chrysomya bezziana

An obligate wound parasite of mammals found across Africa and Asia. Larvae invade wounds and feed on...

8-11 mm
Tephritidae

Olive Fruit Fly

Bactrocera oleae

A small fly that exclusively attacks olive fruits, causing billions in crop losses. Larvae tunnel th...

4-5 mm
Simuliidae

Onchocerciasis Black Fly

Simulium damnosum

The primary vector of river blindness in West and Central Africa. Larvae thrive in oxygen-rich rapid...

2-4 mm
Cecidomyiidae

Orange Wheat Blossom Midge

Sitodiplosis mosellana

A small orange-colored gall midge that lays eggs in wheat flowers. Its bright orange larvae feed on ...

2-3 mm
Tephritidae

Oriental Fruit Fly

Bactrocera dorsalis

A highly polyphagous tropical fruit fly attacking over 400 host plant species. It is one of the most...

6-8 mm
Calliphoridae

Oriental Latrine Fly

Chrysomya megacephala

A metallic blue-green blow fly originally from the Oriental region that has spread globally. It is b...

8-12 mm
Stratiomyidae

Ornate Soldier Fly

Odontomyia ornata

A medium-sized soldier fly with a green and black patterned abdomen and a somewhat flattened body. A...

8-12 mm
Chironomidae

Orthoclad Stream Midge

Orthocladius oblidens

A small non-biting midge typical of cold running water habitats. Larvae build silk tubes on stone su...

3-5 mm
Psychodidae

Owl Midge

Clogmia albipunctata

A small fuzzy moth-like fly found in bathrooms and drains worldwide. Its larvae feed on gelatinous f...

2-5 mm
Therevidae

Ozark Stiletto Fly

Thereva frontalis

A medium-sized stiletto fly with a grayish body covered in fine pale hairs and clear wings. It is co...

8-11 mm
Bombyliidae

Painted Bee Fly

Hemipenthes morio

A dark-bodied bee fly with characteristic half-blackened wings that give it a distinctive silhouette...

7-12 mm
Stratiomyidae

Painted Soldier Fly

Sargus cuprarius

A brilliantly metallic coppery-green soldier fly with a slender body and clear wings. It basks on su...

10-14 mm
Glossinidae

Pallidipes Tsetse Fly

Glossina pallidipes

A large savanna tsetse fly with a distinctive pale brownish coloration, found in woodland habitats o...

9-14 mm
Tachinidae

Parasitic Bee Fly

Winthemia rufopicta

A medium-sized tachinid fly that parasitizes armyworm caterpillars and other crop pest larvae. It is...

6-9 mm
Cecidomyiidae

Pear Leaf-curling Midge

Dasineura pyri

A minute gall midge whose larvae cause pear leaves to roll tightly inward along their margins. Multi...

1-2 mm
Pediciidae

Pedician Crane Fly

Pedicia rivosa

A large, mottled-winged crane fly whose predatory larvae hunt invertebrates in wet mud and stream ma...

18-25 mm body length
Syrphidae

Pellucid Hoverfly

Volucella pellucens

A large black hoverfly with a striking translucent white band across its abdomen. Its larvae are inq...

14-17 mm
Psychodidae

Peruvian Sandfly

Phlebotomus perniciosus

A small sandfly found across the Mediterranean basin that is the primary vector of Leishmania infant...

2-3 mm
Ephydridae

Petroleum Fly

Helaeomyia petrolei

The only insect whose larvae develop in crude petroleum. Found in natural oil seeps in California, i...

5 mm
Ptychopteridae

Phantom Crane Fly

Bittacomorpha clavipes

A delicate fly with swollen black and white banded tarsi that acts as a tiny parachute, allowing it ...

10-15 mm body
Chaoboridae

Phantom Midge

Chaoborus crystallinus

A nearly transparent midge whose larvae are planktonic predators in lakes. Larvae migrate vertically...

8-10 mm
Tachinidae

Phasia Tachinid

Phasia hemiptera

A parasitic fly with distinctive dark-tipped wings that parasitizes shieldbug species. Males have br...

7-10 mm
Ulidiidae

Picture-Winged Fly

Delphinia picta

A small fly with beautifully patterned wings that it waves in display like tiny semaphore flags. The...

5-8 mm
Syrphidae

Pied Hoverfly

Scaeva pyrastri

A large, elegant hoverfly with white crescent-shaped markings on a dark abdomen. It is a strong migr...

12-16 mm
Hippoboscidae

Pigeon Louse Fly

Pseudolynchia canariensis

A flattened, tough-bodied blood-sucking fly found on pigeons and doves worldwide. It has a leathery ...

5-7 mm
Syrphidae

Plain-faced Dronefly

Eristalis arbustorum

A small, dark dronefly with a distinctive bare facial stripe. It is one of the most common hoverflie...

9-11 mm
Culicidae

Polynesian Tiger Mosquito

Aedes polynesiensis

A dark mosquito with white markings found across the South Pacific islands. It is an important vecto...

3-5 mm
Bombyliidae

Progressive Bee Fly

Exoprosopa fasciata

A large bee fly with boldly banded wings in dark brown and clear patterns. It is a fast and agile fl...

10-16 mm
Limoniidae Data Deficient

Pyrenean Snow Fly

Chionea belgica

A rare wingless crane fly found on snow in the mountains of western Europe. It is smaller and darker...

3-4 mm body length
Tephritidae

Queensland Fruit Fly

Bactrocera tryoni

Australia's most economically damaging fruit fly with a reddish-brown body. It attacks a wide range ...

6-8 mm
Tabanidae

Rain Fly

Haematopota crassicornis

A medium-sized cleg with mottled grey wings and iridescent green eyes. It is most active in humid ov...

9-12 mm
Asilidae

Red-footed Robber Fly

Dioctria rufipes

A slender, metallic-dark robber fly with conspicuous orange-red legs found in European woodlands. It...

9-13 mm
Sarcophagidae

Red-tailed Flesh Fly

Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis

A large gray flesh fly with a distinctive red-tipped abdomen. It deposits live larvae on meat, wound...

10-14 mm
Oestridae

Reindeer Nose Bot Fly

Cephenemyia trompe

A large, hairy, bee-like fly that squirts live larvae into the nostrils of reindeer. The larvae deve...

14-18 mm
Oestridae

Reindeer Warble Fly

Hypoderma tarandi

A stout, furry fly that parasitizes reindeer and caribou. Females dart at reindeer to lay eggs on th...

13-17 mm
Culicidae

Rift Valley Fever Mosquito

Aedes mcintoshi

A medium-sized mosquito found in the floodplains and dambos of East Africa. It is an important prima...

4-6 mm
Chironomidae

River Midge

Rheotanytarsus exiguus

A small filter-feeding midge that builds silken nets on submerged stones in flowing water. Larvae ar...

3-5 mm
Asilidae

Robber Fly

Promachus rufipes

Aggressive aerial predators that catch other insects in flight. Inject prey with neurotoxic saliva t...

15-30 mm
Cecidomyiidae

Rose Midge

Dasineura rhodophaga

A tiny gall midge whose larvae develop inside rose buds, causing them to blacken and fail to open. A...

1-2 mm
Cecidomyiidae

Rosette Gall Midge

Dasineura urticae

A tiny midge that causes distinctive rosette galls on the tips of stinging nettles. The growing tip ...

1.5-2.5 mm
Platystomatidae Data Deficient

Rothschild's Achias

Achias rothschildi

A remarkable Papua New Guinean fly where males have enormously elongated eye stalks. Males use their...

15-18 mm
Culicidae

Saltmarsh Mosquito

Aedes sollicitans

A golden-brown mosquito that breeds in enormous numbers in coastal salt marshes. It is a strong flie...

5-7 mm
Psychodidae

Sand Fly

Phlebotomus papatasi

A tiny, hairy, yellowish fly with large dark eyes and wings held in a V-shape above the body. Female...

2-3 mm
Ceratopogonidae

Sand Gnat

Culicoides furens

A very small biting midge commonly known as a no-see-um due to its near-invisible size. Despite bein...

1-2.5 mm
Asilidae

Sand Robber Fly

Philonicus albiceps

A pale sandy-colored robber fly found on coastal dunes and sandy heaths. It hunts other flies and sm...

12-18 mm
Sarcophagidae

Satellite Flesh Fly

Sarcophaga africa

A tropical flesh fly that deposits larvae on carcasses and open wounds. It can cause myiasis in live...

8-14 mm
Asilidae

Scarlet Robber Fly

Laphria flava

A bumblebee-mimicking robber fly covered in dense golden-yellow hair. It preys on insects visiting f...

15-25 mm
Calliphoridae

Screwworm Fly

Cochliomyia hominivorax

A devastating parasitic fly whose larvae feed on living tissue of warm-blooded animals. It was eradi...

8-12 mm
Coelopidae

Seaweed Fly

Coelopa frigida

A coastal fly whose larvae develop in rotting seaweed wrack on beaches. It forms massive swarms on s...

5-8 mm
Calliphoridae

Secondary Screwworm Fly

Cochliomyia macellaria

A blow fly that breeds in carrion and occasionally infests wounds in livestock. It is widely used in...

8-12 mm
Dolichopodidae

Semaphore Fly

Poecilobothrus nobilitatus

A tiny metallic green fly where males have conspicuous white-tipped wings used in semaphore-like cou...

5-7 mm
Psychodidae

Sergenti Sandfly

Phlebotomus sergenti

A small sandfly with a broad geographic range across the Old World, serving as the vector of Leishma...

2-3 mm
Hippoboscidae

Sheep Ked

Melophagus ovinus

A completely wingless, tick-like blood-sucking fly that lives permanently in sheep wool. Its flatten...

4-7 mm
Oestridae

Sheep Nose Bot Fly

Oestrus ovis

A parasitic fly that shoots live larvae into the nostrils of sheep and goats while in flight. Larvae...

10-12 mm
Tabanidae

Silvius Horse Fly

Silvius alpinus

A small brownish horse fly found in mountain forests and alpine meadows. It is one of the few horse ...

8-11 mm
Asilidae

Slender Robber Fly

Leptogaster cylindrica

A delicate, narrow-bodied robber fly with an extremely slender abdomen. It hunts small insects among...

8-12 mm
Acroceridae

Small-headed Fly

Ogcodes pallidipennis

A round-bodied fly with a tiny head whose larva parasitizes spiders from the inside....

4-8 mm
Sciomyzidae

Snail-killing Fly

Tetanocera elata

A wetland fly whose larvae are specialized predators or parasitoids of land snails. It has been inve...

7-10 mm
Rhagionidae

Snipe Fly

Rhagio scolopaceus

A slender, brownish fly with a pointed abdomen and spotted wings that typically perches head-down on...

10-15 mm
Limoniidae

Snow Crane Fly

Chionea valga

A wingless crane fly adapted to cold environments, found walking on snow surfaces in winter. It rese...

5-8 mm body length
Limoniidae

Snow Fly

Chionea araneoides

A wingless crane fly that walks on snow surfaces in winter to find mates....

5-8 mm
Culicidae

Snow Pool Mosquito

Aedes communis

A cold-adapted mosquito of boreal forests that breeds in snowmelt pools and flooded stream margins. ...

4-6 mm
Stratiomyidae

Soldier Fly

Odontomyia tigrina

A brightly colored soldier fly with aquatic larvae that filter-feed in ponds....

8-12 mm
Ceratopogonidae

Sonorensis Biting Midge

Culicoides sonorensis

A small biting midge that is the primary vector of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic diseas...

1-3 mm